樟子松枯梢病的防治研究

樟子松移植苗枯梢病Sphaeropsis sapinea可以通过药剂有效地进行防治。移植前以50％多菌灵wp500倍液浸苗；在人工林中，内吸性杀菌剂－甲基托布津、多菌灵为首选药剂；在树木新梢生长停止期和展叶中期（辽西北为6月初和6月中旬），70％甲基托布津wp 1000倍液或50％多菌灵wp 500倍液防治2次。保护性杀菌剂－百菌清效果不佳。适时的卫生伐对该病有明显的抑制作用。     

TheEstimationofStemTaperCurvefromtheRadialInformationatThreeLocationsontheStem

该文探讨了不用编制削度表直接建立高精度立木干曲线的方法．当采用干曲线是３次多项式时，通常根据１０分法测定树干各部位直径，用最小二乘法求出该方程式的参数．从数学角度，只要知道树干任意３个部位的直径，就可以用最小二乘法或联立方程式求解干曲线参数．本文以樟子松为例，探讨用树干哪３个部位直径拟合的干曲线最接近实际干曲线，为建立立木干曲线提供有效方法．利用９个部位半径（方法Ⅰ）和利用其中３个部位半径（方法Ⅱ，２８种组合）分别拟合干曲线，结果表明方法Ⅱ的６种半径组合的精度良好，其中的３种组合，（ｒ１．３，ｒ０．３，ｒ０．７），（ｒ１．３，ｒ０．４，ｒ０．７）和（ｒ１．３，ｒ０．４，ｒ０．８）是拟合现实干曲线的有效方法．     

俄罗斯主要采脂树种——欧洲赤松松脂的化学组成

德国Ｗ．Ｌａｎｇｅ在研究不同地区来源的欧洲赤松松脂的化学组成时，曾按△~３－蒈烯含量不同，将它们分成中欧和南欧地区二类。本文研究俄罗斯境内的欧洲赤松松脂的组成，发现它与同纬度的中欧地区欧洲赤松松脂一样，含有较高数量的△~３－蒈烯。同时发现，在中国境内的欧洲赤松的２个变种──樟子松和长白松松脂中△~３－蒈烯含量也随纬度不同而有明显差别。     

青海湖高寒沙区引进辽西樟子松治沙研究

通过引进东北辽西科尔沁沙地樟子松在青海湖斜麻沙区进行栽植试验,结果表明,引进的樟子松当年主顶芽平均生长高度达10.13 cm,侧顶芽生长高度平均达5.14 cm,平均顶芽生长达7.64 cm,苗木整体生长良好,当年成活率达到93%;经过长达6个多月寒冬,越冬成活率达80%,返青良好。     

The culturable leaf mycobiome of Viscum album subsp. austriacum

In Poland's pine forests, mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) abundance has increased over the past 20 years. This mistletoe infestation has decreased the growth and vigour of Scots pine trees. In this study, we surveyed the culturable fungi from healthy and diseased V. album subsp. austriacum leaves from two stands in Poland. In total, 63 distinct species were identified, 99.8% of which belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The community compositions of fungi in mistletoe leaves were similar in healthy and diseased leaves as Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botryosphaeria visci, Fusarium paeoniae and Microsphaeropsis olivacea were consistently found in leaves of all symptom types. The most frequently isolated fungus from asymptomatic leaves was M. olivacea, followed by A. alternata, A. pullulans and Hypoxylon rubiginosum. In comparison, the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with rusty-brown necrotic spots were (in decreasing order) M. olivacea, B. visci, F. paeoniae and A. alternata, while the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with black or dark brown spots were M. olivacea, A. alternata, A. pullulans, Epicoccum layuense and F. paeoniae. This study was the first comprehensive report showing that certain fungal species may be pathogens of V. album subsp. austriacum in Poland. This study was also the first report of F. paeoniae, F. juglandicola, Diaporthe vacuae and Heterotruncatella spartii from V. album, and the first report of D. vacuae and H. spartii in Poland.     

秃瓣杜英开花与结实物候期的研究

秃瓣杜英是我国南方特产的优良绿化树种,湖南是该树种绿化苗木及种子的主产区。本文首次报道秃瓣杜英开花与结实的物候期,野生种与栽培类型的花、果及种子的形态变异,提出每年最佳采种时间山区为9月28日~10月5日,丘陵区为9月30日~10月7日。     

樟子松嫩枝扦插技术

研究了樟子松嫩枝扦插生根的特点以及插穗生根与母树年龄、扦插基质、扦插时间、生根促进剂质量分数、温度的关系。结果表明:①樟子松属于愈伤组织生根型,只有极少数为皮部生根,生根时间为2～4个月。扦插期间地表温度过低(低于20℃)不利于生根。②扦插的最好时间为6月上中旬,此时扦插的穗条处于半木质化时期。③樟子松扦插生根的最佳组合为:蛭石基质,插穗为2年生母树的穗条,生根促进剂为L2号。母株年龄对樟子松扦插生根有极为显著的影响,母树的年龄效应是樟子松穗条扦插生根的主要限制因子,2年生到5年生的插穗生根率从90%降到2.5%;而扦插基质之间和生根促进剂之间对生根率没有显著影响。基质对插穗生根影响的顺序从大到小为蛭石,草炭,珍珠岩 草炭(1∶1),河沙。生根促进剂以质量分数为1×10-4L2号最好,生根率达到67%,质量分数太小(0.5×10-4)或太大(3×10-4、5×10-4)都使得成活率下降。3种处理对生根率影响的顺序从大到小顺序为:插穗的母树树龄,扦插基质,生根促进剂。     

Phytophthora oleae,a new root pathogen of wild olives

Wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) is an important component of Mediterranean forests and a key genetic source for olive improvement programmes. Since 2009, a severe decline caused by Phytophthora cryptogea and P. megasperma has been detected in a protected wild olive forest of high ecological value (Dehesa de Abajo, Seville, Spain). In this natural forest, sampling of roots and soil was carried out on 25 wild olives with symptoms in 2014 and 2015. Apart from the already known P. cryptogea A1 and P. megasperma, a third Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from wild olive rootlets with symptoms. These isolates conformed morphologically with the newly described species P. oleae and were confirmed by analysis of their ITS regions and cox1 sequences. Temperature–growth relationships showed a maximum growth at 19.9 °C on carrot agar medium, making it the lowest temperature Phytophthora species infecting wild olive roots. Pathogenicity was confirmed on 1-year-old healthy wild olive seedlings and was similar to the previously known pathogenic phytophthoras. As temperature requirements are quite different, the three Phytophthora species may be active against wild olive roots in different seasons. However, the prevalence of P. oleae infecting wild olives in recent years could be due to its introduction as a new invasive pathogen. The probable invasive nature of P. oleae, together with increasing rain episodes concentrated in short periods frequent in southern Spain, would allow the outbreak of infections in wild olive forests, and also put cultivated olive orchards at risk.     

樟子松树栖真菌群落物种多样性及其与病害的关系

通过对樟于松叶、枝、芽、果等部位进行组织切片和真菌分离培养，鉴定出真菌24种，其中于囊菌3种、担子菌1种、半知菌20种。这些真菌种群在樟于松树体上可分为芽栖真菌、叶栖真菌、枝栖和果栖真菌4大类，其种类组成和数量与樟于松树龄、叶龄、枝龄、树冠层次等有密切关系。芽栖真菌种类和数量随树龄的增加而增多，叶栖真菌(特别是兼性寄生真菌)的种类和数量随叶龄的增加而增多，枝栖真菌种类和数量随枝龄的增加而增多。樟于松树栖真菌种群组成也随环境条件而发生变化，在发病的樟于松林分内樟于松枯梢病菌数量激增占主导地位，环境条件的恶化是促成变动的主要原因。在健康的樟于松林分内也广泛地分离到樟于松枯梢病菌，表明该病害是潜伏性的侵染病害。     

松针壳蠕孢生物学特性的研究

从樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)针叶上分离到松针壳蠕孢(Hendersonia acicola Munch & Tub.)真菌,并描述其形态特征。在三种培养基上培养,结果松针汁琼脂培养基上的生长快,5d后产生分生孢子;PDA次之,7d后产生分生孢子;玉米粉琼脂培养基生长最慢,27d后产生分生孢子。在无光照条件下的三种培养基上均不产生分生孢子。分生孢子在8—28℃下均能萌发,但以25℃、pH值为4、相对湿度为100％,萌发最快。光照对孢子萌发影响不大。