Decreased transport of orally administered protein into the blood circulation of developing juveniles of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

ABSTRACT: To clarify the quantitative changes in the transport of orally intubated protein into the blood circulation as macromolecules in development, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) extracted from chicken eggs was administered orally to juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica . For the first experiment, which was performed before the commencement of artificial feeding, the oral delivery of 2.0 μg/0.1 g bodyweight of IgY resulted in a rapid increase in plasma IgY to a maximum of 2.30 μg/mL. However, the transport of IgY into the blood decreased significantly in the experiments that followed, which were performed after 12, 25 and 42 days. During this period, bodyweight increased approximately by a factor of eight, and rapid growth of the stomach was observed histologically. Possible contributions for the development of the alimentary canal to the diminishment of intestinal protein assimilation are discussed.     

一个马铃薯Y病毒山东分离物的分离与鉴定

 从具有典型花叶症状的马铃薯叶片中分离到马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)(本文称PVY-SD-TA分离物),扩繁后,提纯病毒,电镜下可观察到700~900 nm×11 nm的病毒粒体,病组织超薄切片观察可见风轮状的内含体结构,寄主反应特性研究表明其能侵染2科13种植物。SDS-PAGE电泳检测病毒编码的外壳蛋白亚基的分子量为33 kDa。以PVY-SD-TA基因组RNA为模板,应用RT-PCR方法和特异引物合成了外壳蛋白基因。对cDNA全序列分析表明,PVY-SD-TA CP基因核苷酸序列与N株系的同源性为96%,与GenBank中登录序列号为AJ390306的O株系分离物的同源性最高,为99%;与国内不同学者报道的PVY中国流行株的同源性分别为96%,97%和98%。通过以上生物学特性和分子水平的研究将PVY-SD-TA鉴定为普通株系(PVY^O株系)。     

栗瘿蜂的生物学特性及其防治研究

通过对板栗瘿蜂为害情况、生物学特性和天敌种类的调查,进行了防治试验。结果表明：修剪防治效果好于药剂防治。     

竹类一新种及一些新组合和新分布

本文报道了竹亚科苦竹属一新种,它被命名为花石竹,产于中国湖南省。对一些栽培变种做了新组合,补充了新分布。     

恩格贝沙地环境中沙柳生理动态变化的初步研究

沙柳是恩格贝旅游区沙地中固定沙丘和流动沙丘的重要固沙植物。沙柳叶片光合速率呈现出不规则的日动态变化,在11:00~14:00出现光合午休现象。蒸腾速率呈现出单峰型的日动态变化,蒸腾在午后13:00达到最大值。沙柳在春末的光合速率、蒸腾速率分别是夏末的79.38%和71.56%,表明水分亏缺是影响沙柳生长发育的主要限制因素。     

基于全基因序列的中国北方3省(区)马铃薯Y病毒遗传多样性分析

本研究以马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)全基因组为基础,分析吉林、黑龙江和内蒙古3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性和群体分化,并评估突变、重组、选择等遗传力所起的作用。根据已报道的PVY全基因序列保守区设计4对引物,采用片段重叠法对来自内蒙古和吉林的24个PVY分离物全基因序列进行测定,并联合NCBI中已登录的9个黑龙江分离物全基因组序列进行遗传多样性参数评估、群体分化检验和分子变异等分析。结果显示,我国北方3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性高,其中内蒙古和黑龙江PVY群体遗传多样性高于吉林群体,并且3个群体之间呈现一定程度的遗传分化。分子变异分析发现在PVY基因组中存在1 786个变异位点,表明我国北方3省(区)PVY群体变异程度较高,并且这种高变异度有85.54%来自各个马铃薯种植区内PVY个体的遗传变异。重组分析和系统发育分析发现,我国北方3省(区)PVY群体中重组株系占比高达90.3%,并具有明显的株系多样性,表明PVY重组株系已成为我国北方3省(区)马铃薯种植区的流行株系。选择压力分析显示,使用FEL和IFEL法分别检测出501个和315个净化压力选择位点,这表明3省(区)PVY群体受净化选择压力为主。以上结果表明,中国北方3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性高,突变、重组和自然选择都对遗传多样性和群体分化存在一定影响。     

氯苯醚酰胺(Y13149)生物活性初步研究及水稻纹枯病菌对其敏感性基线的建立

氯苯醚酰胺[N-(2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-酰胺,Y13149]是由华中师范大学基于药效团连接碎片虚拟筛选策略(PFVS)快速发现的新型琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类(SDHIs)化合物。采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了该创制化合物的农药生物活性。结果表明:氯苯醚酰胺对真菌具有较广的抗菌谱,对供试10种植物病原真菌均具有较好的抑制活性,EC50值在0.008~15.25 mg/L之间,其对立枯丝核菌的抑制活性最强,但对辣椒疫霉和链状腐霉活性较弱。田间试验表明,氯苯醚酰胺对水稻纹枯病具有较好的防治效果,有效剂量75 g/hm2时的平均防效为79.6%,其防效总体略好于噻呋酰胺(75 g/hm2的平均防效为77.3%)。此外,氯苯醚酰胺对采自浙江和江苏两省的125株水稻纹枯病菌的EC50值分布在0.002~0.259 mg/L之间,且呈近似正态单峰曲线,平均EC50值为(0.021 ±0.008) mg/L,因此可将其作为水稻纹枯病菌对氯苯醚酰胺的敏感性基线,用于田间抗药性监测。     

H-Y抗血清的制备及检测研究

选用８ ～１２ 周龄纯系的 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ／ Ｃ 母鼠, 用同日龄的 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ／ Ｃ 公鼠采取皮肤移植和脾细胞注射２ 种方式免疫, 制备 Ｈ Ｙ 抗血清, 经精子微量细胞毒性试验, 筛选抗血清。皮肤移植５ 只小鼠中只有１ 只产生较好的抗血清, 脾细胞注射的４ 只小鼠都能产生较好的抗血清, 产生抗血清的小鼠占５５ ％ 。抗血清与昆明鼠正常８ｃｅｌｌ 早期桑椹胚培养５ ～６ 、１８ 和２４ ｈ 后, 退化率达４３３ ％ , 经 Ｘ２ 检验差异不显著（ Ｐ ＞ ００５） , 符合自然性比例。     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cervus elaphus Using AMELY Gene in Y Chromosome

In order to determine the genetic diversity in Cervus elaphus using AMELY gene in Y chromosome,200 blood samples from Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus,Cervus elaphus songaricus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis populations were collected and AMELY genes were sequenced in this study.The haplotype diversity of Y chromosome was analyed,phylogenetic tree was built to explore the genetic diversity and the paternal origins about Cervus elaphus.The results showed that:Cervus elaphus yarkandensis had the most variation sites and the highest nucleotide diversity.The genetic distance between Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and other Cervus elaphus were far.6 haplotypes were identified in this study,named as A1,A2,A3,A4,A5 and A6,respectively.Cervu elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis had separate haplotype.The NJ and ML phylogenetic trees showed that Cervus elaphus songaricus,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis clustered together which Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and Cervus elaphus kansuensis were form a department,separately.Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus yarkandensis clustered into one branches and there might be gene exchange among Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus kansuensis and other Cervus elaphus.     

New technique of sex preselection for increasing female ratio in boar sperm model

In this study, we tried to optimize the porcine semen extender conditions to maximize the differences between live X chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and to Y chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without a decline in the fertility rate at different pH conditions during storage. We observed the viability of X and Y boar spermatozoa in acidic (pH 6.2), original (pH 7.2), and alkaline condition (pH 8.2) for 5 days to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the X to Y spermatozoa ratio. The functional parameters of spermatozoa were also examined to evaluate sperm quality. Sperm motility was preserved at pH 7.2 and pH 6.2 for 3 days, while sperm motility at pH 8.2 decreased significantly after 2 days. Non-capacitated spermatozoa increased while capacitated spermatozoa decreased during storage. Sperm viability decreased significantly duration-dependent under all pH conditions, but there was no significant difference during storage at pH 6.2 and 7.2. The X: Y ratio of live spermatozoa in acidic condition was maximized (1.2:1) without affecting the sperm function and fertility-related protein expression after 2 days compared to original conditions. Moreover, insemination of sows using acidic extender increased the number of female pups on days 1 and 2 of preservation. These results indicate that the production of female offspring may increase when acidic BTS is used for 2 days without affecting the success rate of AI. Above all, this method is simple and economical compared to other methods.