喷雾技术参数对雾滴飘移特性的影响

为了研究不同技术参数对雾滴漂移特性的影响,在可控风洞环境条件下测试了不同型号喷头在不同喷雾技术参数下的抗飘失能力,结果表明:喷头型号变小、喷雾压力和风速增大都增加了飘失对于喷雾高度变化的敏感程度,Lu喷头的敏感程度大于ID喷头;改变喷雾方向角对雾滴飘失的影响相对于风速、喷头型号并不显著.     

气流辅助式喷雾工况参数对雾滴飘移特性的影响

采用三维流场的多相流计算流体力学模型,研究雾滴在自然风影响、辅助气流胁迫和自身重力作用下在连续相和雾滴粒子群离散相耦合的交互作用,并分析了不同工况参数对雾滴漂移特性的影响.结果表明:增大风筒气流出口速度,可以胁迫雾滴向靶标运动,减少雾滴飘失率.当喷嘴流量较小时,雾滴飘失率变小的趋势最为明显.然而喷嘴流量过大时,雾滴整体抗飘失能力显著下降.辅助气流的喷雾角对减少雾滴飘失相对于自然风速、辅助气流风速没有显著的影响.     

美国农业航空技术现状和发展趋势分析

美国是目前农业航空装备技术最先进、应用最广泛的国家,农业航空服务组织体系完善,航空施药作业规范,施药部件系列齐全.一些精准农业技术手段如GPS自动导航、施药自动控制系统、各种作业模型已步入实用阶段,作业精准、高效,对环境的污染低.随着精准农业的发展,航空遥感技术、空间统计学、变量施药控制等技术也用于美国农田产量监测,植物的水分、营养状况、病虫害监测.提出了为改善目前技术存在的不足,提高数据准确性和生产效率,需解决的主要技术问题和研究热点,包括:图像实时处理技术、多传感器数据融合技术、航空变量喷洒技术.     

Dynamic excitation and static loading tests of glulam lattice floor

A wooden lattice floor with high stiffness and damping capacity has been developed to solve noise problems in wooden apartment houses. The lattice floor consisted of Douglas fir glulam beams with inserted steel plate joints and drift pins. To examine the structural performance of the floor, dynamic excitation and static loading tests were conducted on the full size floor. The first and second order resonance frequencies of the floor were 13.5Hz and 27.0Hz, respectively. These frequencies are similar to the peak frequency of a conventional wooden floor and the combined floor fabricated from glued laminated timber and iron. The maximum static load of the floor was 127kN. The apparent flexural rigidity was less than half the value of several floors studied in the past. However, it is considered that the stiffness is improved by constructing panels and this floor has almost equivalent performance. Relative deflection was not affected by the loading history.Part of this study was presented at the International Wood Engineering Conference, New Orleans, October 1996.     

避免渔船螺旋桨被流刺网绞缠的试验

流刺网是影响船舶航行安全的因素之一,本试验利用渔船的冲程使渔船冲过流刺网,从而使渔船驾驶员掌握渔船航行中避免螺旋桨被流刺网绞缠的方法,确保渔船航行生产的安全。     

卧龙自然保护区震后小型陆栖脊椎动物调查

小型陆栖脊椎动物是一类稳定、灵敏、高效的环境指示动物,将它们作为生态环境变化的指针具有诸多的优越性。通过围栏陷阱法对卧龙自然保护区内小型陆栖脊椎动物在原始竹林与人工竹林中的分布情况展开调查,进而对保护区内小型陆栖脊椎动物资源现状进行评估,并科学地评估我区震后的生态环境。本次调查共记录到小型陆栖脊椎动物物种5目7科15种,其中两栖类2目2科2种,爬行类1目1科1种,小型兽类2目4科12种。采集的样品数量达到316只。     

发电机定子铁心卷绕加工过程克服驱动销与带料齿槽间干涉方法的研究

发电机定子铁心卷叠加工是近年来出现的新工艺。实现定子铁心卷叠生产的核心装备是卷绕形成装置,而其中的技术关键之一在于如何克服带动齿形带料卷绕的驱动销与齿形带料的槽距因加工误差的积累所引起的干涉。本文对克服这种“干涉”提出解决方法,可应用于生产。     

转子式喷头喷雾飘移性能试验和分级

转子式喷头特殊的雾化原理使其工作性能与传统的压力喷头相比有很大不同,转子式喷头产生的雾滴大不均匀,但雾滴飘移的可能性大于压力式喷头,因现有喷头发级标准只针对扁扇压力喷头且没有考虑飘移因素,所以无法对转子喷头加以分级。本文通过转子喷头在不同转速下模拟不同使用环境的飘移测试,并依据已有的喷头分级标准,对转子喷头进行分级,为转子喷头参数的选择与喷雾环境的匹配提供依据。     

RTDrift: A real time model for estimating spray drift from ground applications

A spray drift model called RTDrift was developed to estimate drift caused by ground sprayer machines. The sprayer was equipped with sensors measuring operational parameters namely spray pressure, boom height and movements, and geolocalisation. Climatic parameters, including wind speed and direction, were measured using a 2-D ultrasonic anemometer mounted on the sprayer. The nozzles spray drop size spectra were characterised using Phase Doppler Interferometer measurements. At every successive boom position, a diffusion-advection Gaussian tilted plume model computed the spray drift deposits for each drop class taking into account evaporation. The contribution of a single nozzle was calculated by integration of the individual puffs with respect to time and summation of the contributions of individual drops classes. The overall drift generated by the sprayer machine was obtained adding the contributions of all the nozzles. Field trials were performed on a fallow field with water and on crops with pesticides in various wind conditions. The ground drift was measured at different drift distances using fluorometric methods. When comparing the results of the model with experimental measurements of deposits, the model produced realistic maps of drift deposits. Some further improvement is needed in the presence of large scale eddies. The model offers potential benefits for the farmer as a real time drift estimator embedded on a sprayer machine.     

关于二次正交旋轉组合设计试验数据的中心点处理法

本文根据二次正交旋转组合设计的特点和局部控制理论,提出了中心点数据处理法。此法是先求出各区组的矫正系数,即各区组中心点总平均值与本区组中心点平均值之比,然后将小区原始数据分别乘本区组的矫正系数。用此法排除非试验因子干扰的效果明显地优于飘移处理法,不仅计算简单,而且有拟合程度高、便于模拟选优的优点。