水杉色二孢毒素生物活性研究

水杉枯萎病病原菌色二孢（Ｄｉｐｌｏｄｉａ ｓｐ）真菌可以产生有毒代谢物。生物测定结果表明：该毒素具有广谱性，对裸子植物水杉和池杉、被子植物中杨柳科的垂柳、安石榴科的石榴等树木枝条具致萎作用，对小麦、玉米、油菜等种子的发芽及生长具有一定的抑制作用。粗毒素透析及稳定性测试表明：该毒素成分复杂，包括可以透过和不能透过半透膜的组分，具有很强的热稳定性，但在室温下放置长时间后活性会降低。     

异色瓢虫对松大蚜和板栗大蚜选择效应研究

异色瓢虫是徂徕山林场常见天敌之一,在实验室条件下,测定了异色瓢虫对徂徕山林场2种重要蚜虫板栗大蚜和松蚜的选择效应。结果表明,当2种蚜虫种群数量同步增加,则取决于瓢虫原来的生境和饲喂条件,当板栗大蚜或松蚜种群上升时,则喜好取食种群数量大的蚜虫。     

松球壳孢菌菌落及孢子形态学对比研究

通过79个辽宁松球壳孢菌菌株与4个A型和B型标准菌株、5个美国菌株在菌落和分生孢子形态方面的对比研究，发现辽宁的菌株在形态上基本一致。辽宁菌株与美国的类型A相近，主要表现在孢子表面平滑，通常无隔或有1个隔，在成品PDA培养基上产生绒毛状、白色至灰色菌落。不同之处在于，辽宁菌株在自制PDA培养基上形成贴在培养基表面的菌落——与类型B相似，分生孢子长度介于A型和B型之间或与后者相近。5个美国菌株与类型A一致。同时发现，培养基的来源对菌落形态研究非常重要；光照使菌落气生菌丝有所减少且出现绿色；培养基和寄主种类对孢子大小有影响。     

Testing the systemic induced resistance hypothesis with Austrian pine and Diplodia sapinea

Systemic induction of defenses (e.g. phenolic metabolites) is considered vital in conifer resistance to pathogens and insects, and forms the mechanistic basis of the systemic induced resistance hypothesis (SIRH). In this study, the SIRH was tested on juvenile Austrian pine. Main stems expressed SIR in a manner that was consistent with the SIRH, while shoots became uniformly more susceptible to subsequent inoculations, demonstrating clear organ specificity in the tree's response. The majority of phenolic metabolites were poorly correlated with phenotype. Thus, the defensive system of Austrian pine is highly plastic and organ specific, and cannot be predicted by phenolic profiles alone.     

湿地松根腐病及其与松毛虫所致失叶量的关系

湿地松根腐病被进一步证实是由Diplodia pinea(Desm.)Kickx所引起,本研究还发现Sphaeropsis Sapinea(Fr.)Dyko＆Sutton也是病原之一.我们所见的S.Sapinea与一般的D.Pinea(异名:S.Sapinea)在形态、培养特性和孢子萌发等方面有明显的差异,可能是这个种的一个变种.这两种菌都能使2年生松苗和16年生生长衰弱的松树死亡.它们对松树的浸染与松毛虫引起的失叶量有密切的关系.     

7个松色二孢菌菌株生物学特性的研究

根据松公二孢菌７个菌株的菌落特征，子实体形态，致病力，营养生长及产孢条件，将其分为ＨＺ型和ＨＮ型２类进行观察。结果表明，来自湖南和湖北的ＨＺ型菌株致病力强，来自广东的ＨＮ型菌株致病力弱，且差异显著（α＝０．０５）。在供试培养基，ｐＨ和１５－３２℃条件下，ＨＮ型菌株菌落生长速度大于ＨＺ型菌株，气生菌丝更发达。ＨＺ型菌株与ＨＮ型菌株对高温（３６℃）和低温（１０℃）的适应性存在明显差异。光照，营养和温度     

湿地松色二孢菌和可可球二孢菌根腐病研究

松树根腐病在我国首次发现于雷州半岛10年生左右的湿地松林分。病原菌被鉴定为松色二孢菌Diplodia pinea,另外还发现可可球二孢菌Botryodiplodia theobromae不侵染马尾松,但对湿地松、火炬松和加勒比松也是一种病原菌。 松色二孢菌在林间土病根内以菌丝体方式可存活150天以上,在室内5～50％含水量自然土中,菌丝体和分生孢子可存活120天以上。 松色二孢菌在含水量为40％的湿地松离体根内扩展较快.在含水量为50～70％的离体根内扩展较慢。不论接种前或接种后调节土壤的含水量,一年生松苗的死亡率在含水量为50％土壤中较低,在含水量为5～25％土壤中较高。苗木要经过约20天的干旱影响后,才显示出较易受病菌的侵染。     

Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The insecticidal activities of essential oil extracts from leaves, flowers and roots of aromatic plants against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskal were determined. Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were the most toxic, followed by those of Ferula hermonis Boiss, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Pinus pinea L, Laurus nobilis L and Eucalyptus spp with LC50 values of 24.5, 44.0, 60.0, 75.0, 117.0 and 120.0 mg litre(-1), respectively. Combination tests between the LC50 and the maximum sub-lethal concentration (MSLC) were determined. Over 20 major components were identified in extracts from each plant species tested. Five essential oils and nine pure components were studied for their repellency against mosquito bites. Terpineol and 1,8-cineole were the most effective against Culex pipiens molestus bites offering complete protection for 1.6 and 2 h, respectively.     

希腊和土耳其的松树资源及其松脂组成

希腊和土耳其具有丰富的松树资源。地中海白松、塞埔路斯松及意大利五针松分别是它们主要的产脂树种。采用ＤＢ－５毛细管柱对这些树种松脂进行分析,并用ＧＣ－ＭＳ鉴定。发现它们基本上具有油松亚属松树松脂的共同特征,唯枞酸含量较高,均超过２０％;并发现意大五针松松脂的单萜类化合物主要是Ｌｉｎ烯。     

麻疯树两种病害的报道

通过对云南省永仁县神宇新能源公司老怀哨玉碗水和永兴灰坝梁子麻疯树(Jatropha curcas)基地新造林地的调查研究,发现2种麻疯树病害,其中一种表现为枝干腐烂,另一种表现为根茎腐烂;发病率分别为1.2%和2.3%,但危害严重;通过鉴定,引起枝干腐烂的病原菌的分生孢子阶段属于半知菌的聚生小穴壳菌(Dothiorella gregaria),引起根茎腐烂的病原菌的分生孢子阶段属于半知菌的色二孢属的一种(Diplodiasp.),未发现它们的有性世代。