透光抚育对“栽针保阔”红松林中红松生长过程的影响

[目的]通过研究长白山地区不同透光抚育强度下"栽针保阔"阔叶红松林中红松的生长情况,揭示透光抚育对"栽针保阔"红松林中红松生长过程的影响规律,旨在为阔叶红松林的恢复、经营提供有力的科学依据。[方法]研究5种透光抚育(未采伐对照、低度择伐、中度择伐、强度择伐及上层皆伐)对红松生长的影响。[结果]红松在群落中的地位随着透光抚育强度的增大逐步得到提升,同时透光抚育能够显著提高"栽针保阔"红松林内红松优势木(63.4%~146.5%、64.6%~158.6%)、平均木(57.9%~271.1%、42.5%~261.7%)和被压木(56.5%~182.6%、95.5%~245.5%)的树高和胸径,且呈现出随透光抚育强度的增大而递增的规律性。[结论]透光抚育能显著提高红松树高和胸径生长。     

Papillary muscle measurements in cats with normal echocardiograms and cats with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

BACKGROUND: Papillary muscle hypertrophy can occur in conjunction with, or as the only indication of, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or other diseases that result in left ventricular concentric hypertrophy (LVCH). Assessment of papillary muscle size is usually subjective because objective measures have not been reported. HYPOTHESIS: The study hypothesis was that papillary muscle dimensions are different between normal cats and cats with LVCH. ANIMALS: Echocardiograms from 44 normal cats and 40 cats with LVCH were included in the study. METHODS: All measurements were taken from the right parasternal short-axis view at the level of the papillary muscles at end-diastole. Three methods were used to assess papillary muscle size: the area subtraction method, the direct area trace method, and the diameter method. Measurements were compared between cat groups and method comparisons were made among methods for area determination. RESULTS: Cats with LVCH were older and had significantly greater left ventricular septal and free wall thicknesses and larger left atrial measurements than normal cats (P < .0006). Papillary muscle measurements were significantly greater by all measurement methods in cats with LVCH than in cats with normal echocardiograms (P < .0001). The area subtraction method and direct area trace method showed moderate agreement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Papillary muscle measurements were larger for LVCH cats than normal cats; however, some overlap was present. The establishment of these objective measures adds to the echocardiographic examination of cats.     

杉木人工林直径分布BP模型的研究

以相对直径作为输入向量,以株数累积频率作为输出向量,建立直径分布的BP神经网络模型;用杉木人工林直径分布的实际数据训练,选出的最佳模型,拟合精度为99.03%,检验精度为97.64%,所选模型没有系统偏差.与Weibull分布模型相比,具有较好的拟合效果.研究结果进一步表明,人工神经网络是一种有效的林分直径分布模拟技术.     

桂东南福建柏林分直径结构研究

[目的]研究桂东南福建柏林分直径结构。[方法]以桂东南福建柏人工林为研究对象,采用典型选样法设置15个20 m×20 m的样方,开展植物群落调查。以2 cm为径阶距,应用理论生长方程Richards,Logistic,Gompertz,Mitscherlich和Weibull分布函数对林分直径分布进行拟合,采用卡方检验法对5种分布进行检验。[结果]福建柏林分平均胸径19.3 cm,在5.7~29.8 cm,以20 cm为峰点,16~24 cm的林木株数占多数,单峰近似于正态分布,24 cm的株数累积频率高达93.64%;林分直径分布拟合检验结果从大到小依次为Weibull,Logistic,Gompertz,Richards,Mitscherlich。[结论]Weibull分布函数更能准确地描述桂东南福建柏林分直径分布规律,更适合于建立福建柏林分直径分布预测模型。     

昆明市海口林场圆柏直径结构分析

分析了昆明市国营海口林场圆柏的径阶株数分布、直径结构特征,并运用正态分布、Weibull分布、Logistic方程对圆柏的直径分布进行拟合,同时用卡方统计量对3种分布进行了检验,拟合结果和检验结果一致表明:用正态分布函数描述圆柏直径分布效果最好,可用来预测海口林场圆柏的直径结构。     

重庆市石宝镇马尾松单木生长模型研究

为了更加科学地保护和利用马尾松森林资源并为其可持续经营提供参考依据,利用多模型选优法对重庆市忠县石宝镇马尾松的单木胸径生长模型进行了探讨与分析,结果表明：对竞争优势木和竞争劣势木的拟合效果最好的均是Richards函数,其次是Schumacher函数,而Gauss函数和Logistic函数的拟合效果较差.考虑到模型运算的简便性和结构的清晰性,结合研究区马尾松胸径生长量的预测情况,选取了模型参数相对较少的Schumacher 函数作为描述重庆市忠县石宝镇马尾松生长过程的最佳模型.     

理论生长方程对杉木人工林林分直径结构的模拟研究

理论生长方程在林分直径结构领域的应用具有重要的理论和实践意义。为探寻影响理论生长方程模拟性能好坏的内外机制，从而有所选择和鉴别地使用理论生长方程，本文从林分及方程两个角度出发进行了探讨。结果表明：年龄、立地、密度、间伐强度等因素对Richards等6种生长方程模拟精度影响不明显，而不同方程间的模拟精度差异极明显；林分直径累积分布曲线的拐点存在一个主要区间(0．4～0．6)，生长方程拐点的取值情形与方程模拟精度的大小密切相关，方程最佳拟合曲线的有效拐点区间愈大、拐点精确度愈高，拐点有效性越大，则方程模拟精度越高。     

The role of land tenure in conservation of tree and shrub species diversity in miombo woodlands of southern Malawi

Biodiversity is declining throughout southern African miombo woodlands due to poor land use practices that are detrimental to soil, vegetation and habitat. We aimed at examining tree and shrub species diversity and distribution in Uapaca kirkiana-dominated woodlands under three land tenure types; forest reserves, customary and leasehold land. The study was conducted at different forest sites within similar agroecological zone in southern Malawi. Study sites were located at a range of altitudes between 900 and 1,200 m a.s.l. Three circular plots each with 32.60 m radius were established at each study site to sample tree and shrub species composition, structure and distribution under three land tenure types. We found that forest reserves had higher species diversity with an average of 16 tree families, 27 genera and 34 species as compared to only 10 tree families, 6 genera and 6 species on customary forest lands. Comparisons of diameter at breast height size class distributions showed that customary land had significantly low numbers of small (5.0–10.0 cm) and very large (≥30 cm) diameter classes suggesting lower levels of regeneration and high rate of anthropogenic activities. The high species diversity and richness in forest reserves and leasehold land indicate high potential for protected lands to restore tree species diversity. It is concluded that levels of human activities as influenced by land tenure type reduce tree species diversity, composition and distribution at the different sites, and this confirms the hypothesis that open access lands are not compatible with conservation of tree and shrub species diversity because of high anthropogenic activities.     

弱度抚育对青海云杉胸径与材积生长变化的数学分析

生长量是评估立地条件及经营措施效果好坏的重要指标。正确研究分析林木生长规律以及采取相应的经营管理措施，对改善林分状况，森林环境和提高林木生长量具有重要的意义，研究表明，强度为１０％的抚育措施，可使西营河试验区树木胸径定期平均生长量提高８４．８５％，相当于２２％，的强度抚育措施使哈溪试验区树木胸径定期平均生长量提高６９．２０％，材积定期平均生长量提高６５．３３％，经Ｆ０．０５检验，两试验区胸径生长与     

云南东南部天然沙罗竹林分结构规律的研究

沙罗竹为大中型丛生竹类,生长较好的天然竹林主要集中分布在云南河口——屏边大围山海拔500 m地区的沟谷地带,面积约5 000 hm2,具有很高的开发利用价值。该文对其林分的密度、直径、生物量等因子变化规律及其相互关系首次进行了系统研究。