延边地区紫苏保护技术的研究

紫苏是延边地区的重要经济作物之一．但目前随着种植年限的延续，开始大量发生虫害、病害以及草害等，从而导致减产、降效，严重影响苏子生产．研究结果表明，延边紫苏地适宜土壤处理的除草剂为敌草胺与扑草净的混剂，使用剂量为3kg／hm^2 5kg／hm^2，一年生杂草除草效果可达到90％以上；茎叶处理除草剂为拿捕净(12．5％，1．0kg／hm^2)、稳杀得(35％，1．0kg／hm^2)、精禾草克(5％，1．0kg／hm^2)；紫苏的主要病害为锈病，对紫苏叶片质量影响较大；主要食粒虫害(待定)对产量的影响较大．     

Heritability Estimates of Winter Hardiness in White Clover Based on Field and Laboratory Experiments

For testing of winter hardiness and to obtain estimates of heritability (h²) for this character, field experiments are the most common method. In order to develop a supplement to the field method, artificial freezing to test for freezing hardiness in the laboratory has been carried out. The purpose of the present study was to compare estimates of broad sense heritability (h² _b) for winter hardiness in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) based on an experiment in the field, and freezing hardiness based on a laboratory test. The plant material consisted of six local populations with origins between ca. 61°- and 70° northern Latitude. The northern related populations Nos. 06 and 22 showed the best winter hardiness in the field, while the more southern related population No. 38 showed the best freezing hardiness in the laboratory. The field data was generally more variable than the laboratory data. In the field, h² _b     

环境公益诉讼中损害赔偿金制度探析

分析了我国环境公益诉讼案件数量激增、涉案范围扩大的背景,总结了我国目前的环境公益诉讼损害赔偿制度存在的赔偿金归属不明、赔偿计算标准不清、监督使用管理缺失等问题,认为应当以明确赔偿金的归属和赔偿计算标准以及完善监督管理机制3个方面为重点,构建我国的环境损害赔偿金制度。     

小麦吸浆虫幼虫在麦穗上的危害特点及空间分布型研究

为了解小麦吸浆虫幼虫在麦穗上的危害特点及在麦田的空间分布型,在春季越冬幼虫出土期选择小麦吸浆虫越冬基数不等的麦田4块,在籽粒乳熟期调查小麦吸浆虫危害程度的基础上,运用扩散系数、聚集度指标、聚集指数、平均拥挤度、聚块性指标、负二项分布参数等聚集指标及Iwao的x^*x回归法和Taylor 幂函数法,综合分析小麦吸浆虫幼虫在麦穗上的空间分布型。结果表明,小麦吸浆虫的危害程度在田块间差异很大,且危害程度与春季的幼虫越冬基数无关;在麦穗不同部位,总体趋势是上、中部受害程度大于下部,但不同田块之间有差异。以麦穗为单位时,幼虫在麦田的空间分布型属于聚集分布;以麦穗不同部位为单位时,幼虫在麦田的空间分布型也属于聚集分布,且与密度有关。聚集均数λ值的测定结果表明,小麦吸浆虫幼虫的聚集成因主要由自身的生物学特性和环境因素所决定。     

Crop losses and the economic impact of insect pests on Brazilian agriculture

Among the various sectors of the Brazilian economy, agriculture plays a prominent role, generating jobs and income for the country. However, the agricultural sector faces systematic annual losses due to pests and diseases. The damage caused by insect pests is one of the primary factors leading to the reduced production of major crops. The study presented here estimates the production losses of major crops caused by insects and the economic impact related to the direct damage caused by insects, to the purchase of insecticides, and to medical treatment for humans poisoned by insecticides. The results indicate that insect pests cause an average annual loss of 7.7% in production in Brazil, which is a reduction of approximately 25 million tons of food, fiber, and biofuels. The total annual economic losses reach approximately US$ 17.7 billion. These results are important for government policies in the agricultural sector, as well as indicate the need for updated data regarding the losses caused by insects in Brazil and the need for systematic monitoring of these losses.     

野生动物肇事损害补偿调查

对云南、吉林、陕西和西藏4省、自治区的野生动物肇事损害补偿调查表明：野生动物损毁农林作物,伤害人、畜,危害损失逐年加重。主要种类有亚洲象、东北虎、羚牛、黑熊、野猪等,多发生在自然保护区和边远贫困山区。野生动物数量增加、人口增长、人为防范意识不强等是导致野生动物肇事损害严重的主要原因。4省、自治区采取多种措施,实施了野生动物肇事损害的补偿。当前,应尽快修改不适应的法律法规,扩大肇事损害补偿的野生动物范围,明确补偿责任;国家和省财政应加大野生动物肇事损害补偿的投入,降低地、县财政的分摊比例,提高补偿标准;做好野生动物肇事损害的防范措施;安排必要的补偿核查经费;推动全国实施野生动物肇事损害的补偿工作。     

防治有害生物入侵——"加拿大一枝黄花"

加拿大一枝黄花是一种恶性毒草,在苏、浙、沪有迅速蔓延之势。本文对其形态特征、生物学特征、危害与防治作了较全面的介绍。     

城镇开发区建设中的人为水土流失及防治措施

简析了婺源县城镇开发区建设过程中造成水土流失的状况、危害、原因后,提出了其防治措施,并阐明开展城市（镇）水土保持的紧迫性。     

损伤对苹果电参数值的影响

为了探索以电学特性识别损伤果品的方法,以富士苹果为对象进行了撞击和静压损伤对苹果电参数值影响的试验。结果表明,在苹果发生损伤后0．5h内,其相对介电常数和电阻率急剧变化,3h后趋于稳定,而同期无损苹果的相对介电常数和电阻率基本保持不变。储藏期间,撞击损伤苹果的相对介电常数持续增大并出现跃变;静压损伤苹果的相对介电常数迅速增大后保持不变,而无损苹果的相对介电常数一直保持增大趋势。