优良观赏果树榅桲的推广应用

榅桲的栽培具有悠久的历史,它具有较强的耐寒、耐旱、耐盐碱能力,适于我国北方大多数城市栽培;其树姿、叶片、花和果实均具有较高的观赏价值,是较好的观赏树种;同时,榅桲又具有很高的经济价值,是优良的果树.因此,在我国北方,榅桲具有很高的推广价值.     

榅桲C4H基因的克隆、序列分析及表达

【目的】肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(cinnamate 4-hydroxylase,C4H)是调节木质素合成的关键基因,榅桲是新疆特色经济果树之一。目前,有关榅桲C4H基因的序列信息尚不明确。为了获得该基因的序列信息及其在果实不同发育时期的差异性表达规律,为深入研究该基因在榅桲果实发育过程中的作用和功能奠定基础。【方法】以榅桲果实为研究材料,基于GenBank已登录近源物种的C4H基因的cDNA序列,提取其果实的总RNA并反转录为cDNA,利用同源克隆的方法获得榅桲C4H基因的cDNA序列,并对该序列进行生物信息学分析,同时检测在榅桲果实开花后不同时间点C4H基因表达量的差异。【结果】同源克隆结果表明:C4H基因编码区的序列全长为1 518 bp,编码505个氨基酸,其蛋白的分子质量为58.28 kD。生物信息学分析结果显示:榅桲C4H蛋白为亲水性不稳定蛋白质,其二级结构以α-螺旋和无规卷曲结构为主。系统进化分析结果显示:榅桲C4H蛋白与甜樱桃(Prunus avium,XP₀21806844.1)、山杏(Prunus armeniaca,VVA16404.1)的C4H蛋...     

沙尘胁迫对榅桲叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以榅桲（Cydonia oblonga Mill）为研究材料,以无沙尘覆盖为对照（CK）,设置轻度沙尘胁迫（5mg·cm-2）和重度沙尘胁迫（12mg·cm?2）两个处理,并分别在处理第10、20、30和40天时,测定其叶片光合特性和荧光参数的变化。结果表明：沙尘处理下榅桲叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）均随处理时间的延长呈下降趋势,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈先升后降的变化趋势;最大光量子效率（Fv/Fm）在处理第10天显著下降,此后随处理时间的延长逐渐回升至与对照一致水平。最大荧光（Fm）、非光化学淬灭（NPQ_Lss）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、光化学反应淬灭（qP_Lss）随处理时间的延长整体均呈上升趋势,初始荧光（Fo）呈下降趋势。说明榅桲在沙尘胁迫处理前期受非气孔因素的影响较大,沙尘胁迫导致榅桲叶片PSⅡ原初光能转换效率较低,对榅桲产生光抑制,导致Pn下降。而在处理后期,榅桲叶片主要通过增加qP_Lss、Fm、NPQ_Lss等来增强PSⅡ电子传递能力,提高非辐射性热耗散来消耗过剩光能,保护光合机构。     

榅桲的组织培养初报

以苹果型榅桲嫩枝茎段为试材,研究了不同灭菌剂、灭菌时间、基本培养基、激素组合等对榅桲外植体灭菌、初代培养、继代培养和生根培养的影响.结果表明:用0.1%升汞溶液消毒5 min,灭菌效果最好;初代培养基以MS 6-BA 0.6 mg/L效果较好,萌芽率和增殖倍数均较高,分别为93.3%和4.7倍;继代培养基以MS 6-BA 0.6 mg/L IBA 0.2 mg/L和MS 6-BA 0.6 mg/L IBA 0.4 mg/L组合交替使用更有利于组培苗的增殖和壮苗;生根培养基以1/2 MS(I) NAA 1.0 mg/L生根率最高达50%,平均根数为7～10根;短时间(7d)暗培养对诱导榅桲苗生根有利,随着暗培养天数的增加叶焦边现象逐渐加重甚至出现顶端枯死现象;6-BA对诱导榅桲组培苗生根无益且易出现畸形叶.     

榅桲4CL基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

[目的]克隆榅桲果肉(Cydonia oblonga Mill)中4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4-coumarate CoA ligase,4CL)基因,研究其序列特征,为该基因在榅桲果实发育过程中的作用和功能奠定基础.[方法]以榅桲果肉为试材,基于GenBank报道的近缘物种4CL基因cDNA序列,应用Primer Pr...     

榅桲叶斑病初步研究

榅桲叶病的病原鉴定为唐棣虫形孢菌（Ｅｎｔｏｍｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍｍｅｓｐｉｌｉ），该菌可通过伤口或表皮直接侵入；病菌只能在ＰＤＡ＋煎汁培养基上生长，且分生孢子只在榅桲煎汁中萌发．     

Somatic embryo,adventitious root and shoot regeneration in in vitro grown quince leaves as influenced by treatments of different length with growth regulators

The purpose of this work was to acquire more information on the capacity of in vitro grown quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) leaves to simultaneously regenerate somatic embryos, adventitious roots and shoots, and to evaluate the variations induced on regeneration response by treatments of different length with growth regulators. After 2 days of liquid treatment with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, the leaves were cultured for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days on gelled growth medium containing the basal components of Murashige and Skoog and kinetin (Kin) 4.5 μM + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.5 μM. At the end of each treatment period, the leaves were cultured on a transfer medium in the absence or in the presence of a growth regulator combination represented by N⁶-benzylaminopurine (BA) 2.66 μM + gibberellic acid 0.58 μM + indole-3-butyric acid 0.3 μM. The culture period for all the treatments was fixed to 52 days.     

乌兹别克斯坦1号与阿克苏苹果型榅桲光合特性对比研究

[目的]以阿克苏苹果型榅桲为对照,了解乌兹别克斯坦1号榅桲在引种区的光合特性,为进一步引种提供理论参考.[方法]利用LI-6400便携式光合仪、Spad-502plus型叶绿素仪和LI-3100型叶面积仪对不同品种榅桲功能叶的光合特征参数、叶绿素含量和叶面积进行测定.[结果]乌兹别克斯坦1号榅桲的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均明显高于阿克苏苹果型榅桲(P＜0.05),而两者的水分利用率基本相同;乌兹别克斯坦1号榅桲的光适应范围为15.6 ～2 238.4 μmol/(m2·s),强于阿克苏苹果型榅桲(16.5 ～2 093.8 μmol/(m2·s));乌兹别克斯坦1号榅桲的叶片面积和叶绿素含量均表现出明显大于阿克苏苹果型榅桲(P＜0.05)的现象.[结论]乌兹别克斯坦1号榅桲的净光合效率和对光环境的适应性等均优于阿克苏苹果型榅桲,在引种地具有较高的发展潜力.     

Aluminium-induced effects on growth,morphogenesis and oxidative stress reactions in in vitro cultures of quince

The effects of Al³⁺ [supplied as Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O] addition to culture media (pH 4.0) on growth, morphogenesis (in leaf explants), and oxidative stress reactions in in vitro cultures of ‘BA 29’ quince were investigated. Aluminium (Al 0.5 mM) strongly inhibited shoot growth in the proliferation and rooting phases (Al 2.2 mM), reduced shoot proliferation (Al 1.1 mM), and induced tissue browning. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in shoot cultures supplemented with 2 mM Al. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of shoots was strongly increased by Al during proliferation (starting from Al 1.7 mM) and rooting (already at Al 1.1 mM), thus serving as a good ‘marker’ for Al toxicity. Even a low concentration of Al (0.5 mM) in the shoot induction medium was found to inhibit shoot regeneration. When standard (Al 0) shoot induction medium was used, leaf explant growth was only reduced by 2.2 mM Al in the subsequent growth phases. Following a preliminary selection for their growth on Al-enriched media, 82 potentially Al-tolerant quince somaclones were selected for further trials.     

不同产地榲桲(Cydonia oblonga Miller)果实性状比较

以六个不同产地的榲桲作为试材,比较榲桲果实的外观指标及其矿质元素含量,测定活性氧酶促清除系统中POD, CAT, SOD酶的活性,用气质联用仪分析榲桲的香气类型.结果表明,喀什榲桲的果实单果重最大,北京榲桲最小;西安 D榲桲的SOD、POD活性极显著高于其它五地榲桲,阿克苏B榲桲CAT活性最大;在所测矿质元素方面,西安兴庆宫(即D)榲桲果实的N含量显著高于其它四地,喀什Zn含量最高,曲阜Fe、Mg含量最高,其它元素含量差异不显著;榲桲果实的香气类型主要为酯香型.不同产地榲桲的性状不仅在外观上存在着很大的差异,在果实内在品质上也有很大区别.