燕麦饲草多组分营养差异分析

为挖掘利用高营养燕麦饲草种质资源,将源自以色列不同地区的23份野生燕麦生态型和3份燕麦栽培品种种植于四川甘孜、贵州贵阳、四川成都3个环境,分别在抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期进行刈割处理,并测定其酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、纤维素(F)、半纤维素(HF)、木质素(L)、洗涤纤维中性...     

滁菊原产地域保护区土壤有机质与土壤养分的关系研究

[目的]研究滁菊原产地域保护区土壤有机质和土壤养分的相关性,为滁菊原产地域保护区土壤精准化管理提供依据。[方法]采集滁菊原产地域保护区108个样品,对土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量进行了测定,并分析有机质与土壤养分的相关性。[结果]滁菊土壤中有机质含量与全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷含量表现为0.01水平显著正相关,与速效钾含量不存在相关性。[结论]滁菊原产地域保护区土壤有机质可以作为土壤营养状况的主要判断指标。     

Total antioxidant activities,phenolics, anthocyanins,polyphenoloxidase activities of selected red grape cultivars and their correlations

Sixteen red grape cultivars (Md. Jean Matthias, Öküzgözü, Muscat Hamburg, Cabarnet Sauvignon, Tekirda? Çekirdeksizi, Gewürztraminer, 2B/56, Kalecik karas?, Carignan, Kokulu Siyah, Alfonse Lavallée, Bo?azkere, Adakaras?, Papazkaras?, Mourvedre and Cinsaut) which are grown in Tekirda? Viticulture Research Institute were analyzed for determination of antioxidant activities, total phenolics, anthocyanins, external colour, polyphenoloxidase activities, sugar and acidity. The lowest antioxidant activity (percentage of inhibition on peroxidation in linoleic acid system; AA) was determined in Tekirda? çekirdeksiz extracts as 87.58% and the highest AA was in Mourvedre (93.78%). Total phenolic content (TP) varied from 817 to 3062 μg/ml GAE in the same varieties, respectively. The total anthocyanin (TA) content ranged from 40.3 to 990.8 mg/l fresh weight. The lowest PPO activity was found in Bo?azkere and the highest was in Kalecik karas?. The total sugar content in the analyzed varieties varied between 13.29 and 24.46%. There was stronger correlation between AA and TP than AA and TA.     

Inheritance and relationships of important agronomic traits in almond

The inheritance of 16 important agronomic traits and its relationship were studied for four years in a population of 167 almond [P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] seedlings obtained from a cross between the French selection ‘R1000’ (‘Tardy Nonpareil’ × ‘Tuono’) and the Spanish cultivar ‘Desmayo Largueta’. For some traits (blooming and leafing date) descendants segregated between the value of both progenitors, meanwhile for others the mean of the offspring was lower (bloom density, productivity and ripening date) or higher (in-shell/kernel ratio and double kernels). As expected, kernel bitterness and self-incompatibility behaved as monogenic traits. Some important correlations between traits were detected. The implications of the transmission and the correlation of these traits in the breeding programmes are discussed.     

温度与再生稻农艺性状的相关性研究

1987-1988年用杂交稻汕优63和冈矮63，在重庆市渝北区同一坡面海拔250-450m作中稻种植，使其再生稻在不同的自然温度下生长发育，结果表明：再生季日均温随海拔高度递增而逐渐下降，它与再生稻全生育日数和千粒重均呈显著负相关，与再生苗数、有效穗数、株高、穗长、穗着粒数、穗实粒数、结实率等农艺性状以及单位面积产量均呈显著正相关；再生稻长苗期和抽穗开花期的日均温与再生稻单产亦呈显著正相关。据此提出重庆地区中迟熟杂交稻品种再生稻稳定较高产量的适宜种植区海拔高度上限约为340m，其对应的年均温为17.8C，稳定通过10C初至连续5d≥22C终日间的日均温为22.8C。     

The mineralogy and potassium supplying power of some loessial and related soils of New Zealand

Sixteen Pallic (Aqualfs, Ustalfs, Aquepts, Ochrepts) and related soils collected from the North and South Islands of New Zealand were studied to determine if variations in nonexchangeable K supply could be explained by mineralogical composition. A strong relationship was found which indicates that mica is weathering to vermiculite. Proportions of vermiculite and kandite are generally higher in the North Island than in the South Island. Dominance of either micas or vermiculite or kandite is determined by the stage of weathering and/or the nature of parent materials. Soils that supplied more nonexchangeable K (K_nex) to ryegrass plants contained more mica in the clay fraction than soils that supplied less K_nex. The results confirmed that use of a soil test that includes a measure of K_nex (i.e. acid-extractable K) may be a vital part of identifying variations in plant available K status of the soils. It is concluded that the K supplying power of the Pallic and related soils is related directly to the amounts of mica present in clay fraction and that good K supplying soils will be transformed to K depleted soils as a result of increased weathering and leaching (pedogenic factors) and K exploitation in intensive farming systems.     

Decomposition in five woodland soils: relationships with some invertebrate populations and with weather

Summary In two alluvial forests, a beech forest, an oakhazel-wood and a spruce forest, correlations between abiotic factors and the different groups of soil animals on the one hand and the decomposition rate (mean rate of disappearance) on the other hand have been the subject of investigation. There is a positive correlation between Lumbricidae and Brachycera imagines and the pH and the decomposition rate, but a negative one with Enchytraeidae and Nematocera imagines.Varying weather conditions are of great importance for decomposition processes. The influence of temperature seems to be insignificant. In the deciduous forests fluctuations of precipitation correlate fairly well with fluctuations in rates of decomposition, because of the high abundance of lumbricids. The spruce forest has very few lumbricids and the influence of weather on the course of decomposition is insignificant. Yet there is only a very loose relationship with the annual fluctuations of weather conditions. Only a major event such as the relatively low temperature and precipitation of 1980 is capable of inhibiting the development of sciarid larvae and enchytraeids and hence reducing the ensuing decomposition rate in 1981 and possibly even in 1982. The reason for this is that sciarid larvae and imagines, for example, go through critical periods during their development, which are influenced by the weather, frequently with a time lag of 1 year.Long-term investigations in the spruce forest have established a high correlation between sciarid larvae and enchytraeids and the decomposition rate.Dedicated to the late Prof.Dr. M.S. Ghilarov     

解剖构造对人工林樟子松单板染色效果的影响

以人工林樟子松为研究对象,通过测定樟子松单板解剖构造与染色效果的相关指标,对其进行多元回归分析,确定了影响木材染色效果的主要解剖因子。结果表明,解剖因子与其各染色效果指标间的复相关系数在0.573～0.786。影响樟子松木材染色效果的主要解剖因子为管胞比量、木射线比量、树脂道比量和晚材管胞长度等。     

Peri-urbanization may vary with vegetation restoration: A large scale regional analysis

Over that past decade, ecological restoration practices have expanded globally. However, the effectiveness of ecological restoration depends on the complex interactions of various natural and socioeconomic factors, about which there is limited scientific understanding and thus provides an important research frontier. This paper analyzed the relationship between regional scale vegetation restoration and the process of urbanization using the Loess Plateau of China as a case study. This region has experienced both rapid urbanization and a high number of vegetation restoration activities. Urbanization and vegetation restoration can be considered as extremes on the spectrum of environment preservation activities. Three separate spatial correlation analyses between urbanization and vegetation restoration were identified, resulting in: 1) insignificant correlations in saturated urban areas; 2) significant negative correlations in peri-urban areas; and 3) significant positive correlations in undeveloped areas. The relationship between urbanization and vegetation restoration is thus stage-dependent. Impacts of urbanization on vegetation degradation has improved but has not been fully addressed by large scale vegetation restoration. Regardless of whether the county or grid scale is used, peri-urbanization was found to be the critical factor affecting the effectiveness of vegetation restoration over both time and space. Therefore, peri-urbanized areas are viewed as priorities for improving the coupling of urban development and vegetation restoration.     

Identification of sorghum genotypes suitable for specific end uses: Semolina recovery and popping

There has always been an interest in devising breeding programs for designer foods that would benefit both the producer and consumer. The challenge today is transformation of agriculture from “subsistence farming” to “market and income generation oriented” production system for which sorghum with its diverse end uses can assume significant role. Breeding for end-use identity-specific genotypes is needed for increased profitability to the farmers. In the present study, 60 sorghum genotypes were evaluated over two years to identify genotypes suitable for semolina recovery and popping properties, i.e. popping efficiency and pop volume expansion. Semolina recovery ranged from 20.7% to 48.3%, while popping efficiency ranged from 0 to 77.5%. Semolina recovery had positive and significant association with endosperm texture (r = 0.62), grain density (r = 0.49) and grain hardness (r = 0.55) indicating that genotypes with corneous endosperm yield high semolina. Also, semolina recovery had significant positive correlation with popping efficiency (r = 0.49) indicating that genotypes suitable for semolina can also be used for popping. Genetic divergence studies indicated that out of three clusters formed, cluster II having guinea race germplasm lines are suitable for semolina and popping. The information generated and the genotypes identified will help in enhancing the demand for sorghum as an industrial crop.