兴安落叶松育苗容器质地及规格的研究

1988～1990年通过一年生苗的高生长、地径与合理密度的观察。兴安落叶松育苗容器材料和规格的研究结果表明,纸容器的苗木无论在苗高、地径上与其它容器比较都具有显著性差异,容器规格选择φ3.8×12.5cm为宜,较理想密度为910株/m~2。     

Stress parameters and immune response of layers under different cage floor and density conditions

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of cage floor and cage density on stress parameters of laying hens. A total of 162 brown laying hens (Hyline Brown), aged 34 weeks, were used in the experiment. Compact-type battery cages, with three floors, were used. Hens were allocated as one, three or five hens in each of 18 cages to obtain three different cage density groups of 1968, 656 and 393.8 cm² floor area per hen, respectively. The same number of cages with different cage density were allocated to three different battery floors (first floor=top, second=middle, third=bottom) systematically. Values for body weight, mortality rate, egg weight, egg production, egg quality characteristics, egg yolk cholesterol content, the levels of blood plasma corticosterone, serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H-L ratio), antibody titers, claw length score, foot health score, plumage score and throat skin injuries were taken as indicators of stress. The values for egg weight (P<0.01) at the first floor were greater than the other floor levels. The group with five hens per cage had significantly lower mean estimates (P<0.01) than other groups with respects to body weight (P<0.001), egg production (P<0.001), egg weight (P<0.001) and plumage score (P<0.01), while significantly higher mean estimates for egg albumen index (P<0.01), Haugh unit (P<0.01), serum glucose (P<0.001), and H-L ratio (P<0.001). Serum cholesterol was higher in cages with one hen than that with five hens, whereas plasma corticosterone was lower. Antibody titers in cages with one hen was similar to that with three or five hens; however, those with three hens had higher titers than those with five hens. Values for egg breaking strength, yolk index, egg cholesterol content, and foot health score were not affected by cage density or floor. The results suggest that the allocation of three hens per cage had no measurable effect on health and welfare.     

巴旦杏在甘肃河西地区引种培育问题的探讨

该文通过分析巴旦杏在甘肃河西地区引种培育过程中出现的问题,总结出用容器育苗和大田开沟点播相结合来培育接穗,以山桃为砧木嫁接巴旦杏的引种驯化技术.结果表明,容器培育接穗比直接大田点播出苗率、成活率分别提高了10%和15%;巴旦杏与山桃嫁接表现出极好的亲和性,嫁接成活率为90%.     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

车载式火箭弹储存箱设计与实现

车载式便于能够在一定的距离范围内流动作业,期间火箭弹随车携带,存在安全隐患,采取有效措施,确保作业弹药安全储运非常重要.在此对车载式火箭弹储存箱的设计与实现进行了详细分析,依据有关标准和运输安全以及皮卡车空间尺寸要求,设计两侧开门和手动储弹架结构的车载式火箭弹储存箱,其中箱体具备防火、防盗功能.储弹架的储弹轨道采用整体夹紧机构,储弹轨道的上、下导轨用铝合金一次成型工艺制作.解决了火箭弹存取不便利及固定不牢靠的安全问题,同时满足装载4种类型人工增雨防雹火箭的业务需要.该存储箱已投入实际应用,取得较好的效果.     

木荷容器苗技术应用和推广模式

介绍在浙南地区发展较快的木荷容器苗的技术应用和推广模式,分析木荷容器苗的特点、技术应用,分析木荷容器苗的生产规模、生产方式以及应用前景方面存在的问题并提出一些对策和建议.     

育肥猪舍用混凝土微缝地板的截面优化

为解决现有混凝土微缝地板因截面设计不尽合理产生的承载力富余过大,导致实际生产中板体自重大、生产和运输成本高等问题。该文通过计算假定、截面和荷载转化的方法,对混凝土微缝地板的结构进行了理论剖析,对其制造材料、板体尺寸、配筋等进行了优化和力学性能计算。在截面面积减少3600mm2、纵向钢筋面积减少213mm2、混凝土的标号由C30调至C25的情况下,单块地板的正截面抗弯值为3.14kN.m,斜截面抗剪值为3.56kN,裂缝宽度值为0.167mm,跨中截面挠度值为3.70mm,均可满足育肥猪安全使用要求。优化后,单块地板混凝土使用量可节省0.01m3,每平米地面铺设成本降低18%。     

发酵床垫料翻耙结合网床养殖改善鸭舍空气质量与鸭生产性能

为解决规模化肉鸭生产中粪污影响鸭健康和污染环境的问题,研发了一种发酵床结合网床架养新技术及其配套的可移动式网床下发酵床垫料翻耙系统,并研究了该模式在控制舍内气载微生物数量和提高鸭生产性能中的优势。结果显示:1)可移动式发酵床垫料翻耙系统实现不同发酵床体共用一台翻耙机。2)与发酵床平养相比,鸭26日龄之前未翻耙垫料时,发酵床网养舍内需氧菌总数(1.531×105 CFU/m3)和大肠杆菌数量(1.298×104 CFU/m3)显著升高(P0.05);鸭27~34日龄时每4 d翻耙垫料,发酵床网养舍内需氧菌总数(2.304×105 CFU/m3)和金黄色葡萄球菌数量(1.353×105 CFU/m3)显著降低(P0.05);鸭35~39日龄时每天翻耙垫料,发酵床网养舍内需氧菌总数(1.255×105 CFU/m3)和"沙门+志贺"氏菌数量(14.13 CFU/m3)显著降低(P0.05)。3)在发酵床平养舍内,与每4 d翻耙1次垫料相比,每天翻耙1次垫料舍内需氧菌总数(2.688×105 CFU/m3)、大肠杆菌(2.038×104 CFU/m3)、金黄色葡萄球菌(8.90×104 CFU/m3)和"沙门+志贺"氏菌(47.11 CFU/m3)数量显著(P0.05)降低,而在发酵床网养舍内,每天翻耙1次垫料舍内需氧菌总数(1.255×105 CFU/m3)和"沙门+志贺"氏菌(14.13 CFU/m3)数量显著降低(P0.05)。4)与发酵床平养相比,发酵床网养增加鸭体质量(P0.05),降低死亡率和上市淘汰率(P0.05)。结果表明研发的肉鸭养殖新模式能更好地减少舍内空气中病原菌浓度,改善鸭舍内空气环境,提高鸭生产性能。该研究为发酵床结合网床架养新模式在规模企业中推广应用提供技术支持。     

A rapid extensigraph protocol for measuring dough viscoelasticity and mixing requirement

The extensigraph is particularly useful in characterizing dough viscoelastic properties; however, testing throughput for standard method is low due to the prerequisite for farinograph water absorption, long dough resting and milling to prepare large amounts of flour. Therefore, a rapid extensigraph method was developed that reduced sample size (165 g wheat) for milling and more than tripled throughput. Wheat is milled in Quadrumat Junior mill with a modified sieving system. The resulting flour (100 g) was mixed with a pin mixer at constant water absorption to allow the evaluation of wheat genotypes at the absorption level they are expected to perform. Dough was subsequently stretched by an extensigraph after 15 min of floor time and 30 min resting. Strong correlations for extensigram R_max (r > 0.93), extensibility (r > 0.64) and area (r > 0.88) were found for the proposed method compared to the standard method. Mixing parameters (time and energy) obtained during dough preparation provided further information about dough strength and mixing requirement. By significantly reducing sample size requirement and increasing testing throughput, this rapid extensigraph method can be widely adopted in milling and baking industry and meets the need for a fast evaluation of dough strength in breeding trials.     

湿热地区毛细管地板供冷末端性能实测分析

选取重庆某住宅卧室进行实测分析,在供水温度为20、18、16℃,室外天气为晴天、多云、阴天（雨）工况下,研究毛细管地板供冷房间温度、地板供冷量、地板结露特征。供水温度为20、18、16℃时,室内最高温度27.6℃,最大供冷量分别为23、33、32 W/m²。开始结露时间为10：30-14：50之间,其中80%区域开始结露的时段为11：00-13：00之间,室内气流涡旋区最早出现结露。供水温度为18℃时,除湿能明显改变地板结露现象;供水温度为16℃时,除湿能改变大部分地板结露现象,室内气流涡旋区仍为结露区,但结露时间延后1 h以上。地板结露区域与室内气流组织有关,毛细管铺设位置应避开房间气流漩涡区。