长白山产两种地衣多糖的研究初报

地衣是真菌和藻类共生的植物。自古以来,已为人们广为利用。除了少数可供食用外,多数地衣用来制取香料、染料、化学试剂和抗生素。地衣所含多糖在抗癌方面具有较高的活性,而且是地衣所含主要成分之一。长白山有丰富的地衣资源,经初步调查,该类植物约有20科43属213种。为了开发利用这一资源,我们对长白山产地衣进行了系列研究,现将其中两种地衣多糖的初步研究结果报告如下。1 材料与方法1.1 材料 白边岛衣(Cetraria laevigata Rassad)系梅衣科岛衣属植物。黑穗石蕊     

Re-establishment rate of reindeer lichen species following conventional disc trenching and HuMinMix soil preparation in Pinus-lichen clear-cut stands: a survey study in northern Sweden

Abstract

The re-establishment rates of reindeer lichen following conventional soil preparation by disc trenching and gentle soil preparation using HuMinMix apparatus were calculated from data acquired in surveys of 17 Pinus–lichen clear-cut stands in northern Sweden conducted 1–15 years after the treatments. The maximum lichen cover and biomass recorded in areas scarified by disc trenching were 29% and 24% of the lichen cover and biomass measured in adjacent intact lichen mats in the surveyed stands after 15 years. By contrast, 9 years after scarification, the corresponding percentages measured in areas disturbed by the HuMinMix treatment were 91% and 100%, respectively. According to calculated linear regressions, the reindeer lichen cover could be completely re-established just one decade after HuMinMix treatment. Ground lichen diversity in the scarified areas was also inventoried. The significant increase in lichen diversity for HuMinMix, especially of early-successional species, could explain the more rapid re-establishment of late-successional lichens (e.g. Cladonia stellaris spp.), compared with disc trenching. Thus, the study demonstrates that both the degree of initial disturbance and the re-establishment rate of reindeer lichen must be considered when estimating the effects of scarification on lichen loss for reindeer grazing over time.     

地衣类药材黑穗石蕊的重金属含量测定

[目的]弄清黑穗石蕊的重金属含量,建立质量标准重金属检测限量,为保障用药安全提供依据。[方法]利用原子吸收分光光度法,分别采用石墨炉、火焰、氧化发生装置测定黑穗石蕊中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量。[结果]测得黑穗石蕊的铅含量小于0.6mg/kg、镉含量小于0.3mg/kg、铜含量小于12.0mg/kg、砷含量小于0.2mg/kg、汞含量小于0.1mg/kg;加样回收率96%～103%,RSD小于3.8%。[结论]所用方法精密度高、重现性好、干扰小,适合于该药材的重金属含量测定;上述测定结果符合国家有关的限量规定标准,可安全用于临床。