小球藻多糖的分离纯化和组成分析

采用冻结-融化方法,用冷水提取海水小球藻Chlorellasp.多糖,多糖经除蛋白、乙醇分级沉淀、柱层析等一系列步骤处理后,得到组分均一的小球藻多糖(简称CPSB-1)。将CPSB-1完全酸水解,用高效阴离子液相色谱对其溶液进行分析,结果表明:组成多糖CPSB-1的单糖有D-岩藻糖、D-鼠李糖、D-2-氨基葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖和几种未知的单糖;各已知糖基的摩尔比为D-岩藻糖∶D-鼠李糖∶D-2-氨基葡萄糖∶D-半乳糖∶D-葡萄糖=1.3∶1.0∶1.4∶1.2∶3.1。     

小球藻红枣乳酸发酵饮料的研制

以小球藻、红枣为原料,利用乳酸菌发酵,制作具有海藻特殊芳香及兼具红枣营养价值的小球藻红枣乳酸发酵饮料。结果表明,球藻液与红枣液最佳配比为3∶7(V/V),小球藻红枣发酵液最佳发酵条件为:小球藻红枣原液添加量30%,脱脂乳70%,发酵时间9 h,发酵温度42℃,接种量0.10%;最佳调配配方为:小球藻红枣发酵液50 m L,水50 mL,白砂糖5 g,柠檬酸0.2%,稳定剂(CMC)0.2%。研制出的饮料为均匀的淡乳黄色,清新的红枣味和发酵乳香味,无藻腥味,具有独特的口感。     

不同曝气比率对蛋白核小球藻生长的影响

通过室内控制实验,研究了不同曝气比率对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长过程影响,构建了曝气比率与ODmax、μmax、Cmax的适配曲线。实验设置0%、2%、10%、20%、30%、50%、70%共计7组曝气比率,在1 000 lx光强和20℃条件下,采用BG-11培养基培养小球藻至稳定生长。结果显示,适宜的曝气能促进小球藻生长,其最适曝气比率为20%,过量曝气会抑制小球藻生长;曝气比率(x)与ODmax、Cmax、μmax拟合方程分别为:Omax=170.63x3-231.83x2+84.341x+1.8439(0x50%;R2=0.9850)、Cmax=15.844x3-19.803x2+6.8594x+0.0521(0x50%;R2=0.9285)、μmax=8.1202x3-11.428x2+4.4963x+0.1173(20%x30%;R2=0.8581);50%x70%的关系式有待进一步验证。探究不同曝气比率对小球藻生长的影响,可为其优化培养与资源化利用提供理论依据。     

Mass Production of Freshwater Rotifer,Brachionus calyciflorus,Under Different Diets and Regimes

ABSTRACT

The production ability of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, cultured with two algal species, Chlorella vulgaris, and Spirulina platensis, and a baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were studied using semicontinuous culture method. B. calyciflorus was fed with the above three types of food at five different concentrations (125, 250, 500,750, and 1,000 μg/mL). Among the three different types of diet, maximum production of B. calyciflorus (489.20 ±10.91 individuals/mL; P < 0.05) was obtained with C. vulgaris, followed by S. cerevisiae, and S. platensis. Moreover, in each of the three diets, the maximum rotifer production was obtained at a particular concentration (C. vulgaris, 750 μg/mL; S. cerevisiae, 750 μg/mL; and S. platensis, 500 μg/mL) beyond which the rotifer production decreased. The peak production due to C. vulgaris (489 individuals/mL) was better than S. cerevisiae (321 individuals/mL) when the number of rotifers was considered. The present study indicates that the quantity and quality of food have a significant role on the rotifer production and that C. vulgaris at 750 μg/mL appears suitable to feed to rotifers for maximal production.     

小球藻固定化培养的初步研究

用海藻酸钙作固定化载体，初步探讨了海藻酸钠浓度、CaCl2浓度、胶球密度、胶球直径等固定化条件对小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris)生长的影响。确定了优化的固定化条件为：4＃针头、2％的海藻酸钠溶液和0．15mol/L的CaCl2溶液制备固定化小球藻，在含50mL培养液的150mL三角烧瓶内放置250个小球藻胶球时，其生长速度较高，生长周期较长。与游离的小球藻相比，固定化小球藻生长速率慢，但生长周期长。实验结果为微藻固定化技术的应用和发展提供了必要的实验数据和理论基础。     

光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞培养的影响

在实验室条件下,采用静止培养法对多刺裸腹溞进行培养实验,研究在以酵母和小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,添加不同浓度光合细菌对其生长繁殖的影响。结果表明:光合细菌(菌液浓度为48×108cell/ml)添加量为1 mg/L(组2)、2mg/L(组3)、64 mg/L(组8)、130 mg/L(组9)和260 mg/L(组10)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量与空白对照(组1)相比均无差异(P>0.05);光合细菌添加量分别为4 mg/L(组4)和8 mg/L(组5)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量明显多于对照组,差异较明显(P<0.05),其对多刺裸腹溞的增长具有明显的促进作用;在16 mg/L(组6)和32 mg/L(组7)时,实验组中多刺裸腹溞的生殖量达到最高峰,分别为对照组的1.54倍和1.40倍,差异十分显著(P<0.05);而当添加量过高,在520~800 mg/L(组11~组14)浓度范围内,实验组中多刺裸腹生殖量呈现急剧下降趋势,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在本实验设计范围内,浓度等于或高于900 mg/L(组15)时,幼溞在12 d后仍没有达到性成熟,光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的繁殖明显起抑制作用。以上结果显示,在以酵母与小球藻为饵料的多刺裸腹溞培养中,16~32 mg/L的光合细菌添加量最为适宜,该浓度范围的光合细菌对多刺裸腹溞的生长繁殖具有显著的促进效果。     

0#柴油和原油的水溶性成分对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长的影响

采用室内培养方法,研究了不同浓度0#柴油和原油的水溶性成分(Water accommodated fraction,WAF)对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生长影响及其差异.结果显示,低浓度的0#柴油WAF(0.30、0.10 mg/L)和原油WAF(1.17、0.58 mg/L)能够促进小球藻的生长,且0#柴油WAF的0.10 mg/L实验组和原油WAF的0.58 mg/L实验组在96h时,小球藻细胞密度显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);而高浓度的0#柴油WAF(8.10、2.70、0.90 mg/L)和原油WAF(9.36、4.68、2.34 mg/L)会抑制小球藻的生长.0#柴油和原油WAF对小球藻的96 h-EC50分别为3.34、6.54 mg/L,NOEC分别为0.30、1.71 mg/L,LOEC分别为0.90、2.34 mg/L.0#柴油WAF的毒性高于原油WAF,0#柴油和原油水溶性成分的组分差异是影响二者毒性强弱的主要因素.     

Evaluation of the Potential of Lipid-Extracted Chlorella vulgaris Residue for Yarrowia lipolytica Growth at Different pH Levels

Projections show that the cultivation of microalgae will extend to the production of bio-based compounds, such as biofuels, cosmetics, and medicines. This will generate co-products or residues that will need to be valorized to reduce the environmental impact and the cost of the process. This study explored the ability of lipid-extracted Chlorella vulgaris residue as a sole carbon and nitrogen source for growing oleaginous yeasts without any pretreatment. Both wild-type Yarrowia lipolytica W29 and mutant JMY3501 (which was designed to accumulate more lipids without their remobilization or degradation) showed a similar growth rate of 0.28 h⁻¹ at different pH levels (3.5, 5.5, and 7.5). However, the W29 cell growth had the best cell number on microalgal residue at a pH of 7.5, while three times fewer cells were produced at all pH levels when JMY3501 was grown on microalgal residue. The JMY3501 growth curves were similar at pH 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5, while the fatty-acid composition differed significantly, with an accumulation of α-linolenic acid on microalgal residue at a pH of 7.5. Our results demonstrate the potential valorization of Chlorella vulgaris residue for Yarrowia lipolytica growth and the positive effect of a pH of 7.5 on the fatty acid profile.     

4种单胞藻对卤虫生长和生殖影响的比较研究

以亚心形扁藻、小球藻、湛江等鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻为饵料,卤虫为投喂对象,建立五个实验组分别进行研究,观察不同饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响,结果表明:投喂亚心形扁藻的卤虫生长最快,成活率高,生殖量也最多,其次为绿色巴夫藻组,湛江等鞭金藻的饵料效果最差.混合4种单胞藻投喂的效果也较好.     

小球藻对降低南美白对虾养殖水体中亚硝酸盐氮含量的研究

将虾塘水配制成含亚硝酸氮1.0 mg/L、0.5 mg/L的水体,按虾塘养殖密度放入体长(9.2±1.0)cm的南美白对虾,向每组试验水体中接入小球藻培养液,密度分别为1.0×104cells/m l、2.0×104cells/m l和3.0×104cells/m l,每组设一不接种小球藻培养液的对照组。96 h后测定水体中亚硝酸盐氮的含量。结果表明:小球藻能显著降低试验水体中亚硝酸盐氮含量;当亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度一定时,小球藻液的适宜接入密度为2.0×104cells/m l。