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1.
插装阀在静止状态下,由于静摩擦的原因,导致阀芯与阀套出现卡滞现象;在运动状态下,由于压差和阀芯微偏移的原因造成阀芯与阀套发生磨损;为此提出一种新型的带有导流槽的插装阀阀芯。基于缝隙流动和液压卡紧分析,建立插装阀阀芯与阀套间隙的CFD优化仿真模型,通过N-S方程、伯努利方程和卡紧力方程联立得到阀芯与阀套间卡紧力的推导公式。基于CFD仿真模拟分析,比较新型阀芯与原阀芯不同模型间隙的切线应力、压力分布规律,结果表明:在入口压力为12 MPa时,原阀芯的切线应力在12 000 Pa上下波动,大于新型阀芯切线应力4 200 Pa;在入口压力为8 MPa时,原阀芯的切线应力在7 200 Pa上下波动,大于新型阀芯切线应力3 000 Pa;且原阀芯切线应力的波动范围远大于新型阀芯。新型阀芯在阀套间的受力更加平稳,磨损更小。研究结果为插装阀优化以及减少能量损失和改善润滑条件提供理论指导和依据。 相似文献
2.
Existing spatial patterns of a forest are in part a product of its disturbance history. Using laser altimetry and field measures
of canopy top height to represent pre- and post-hurricane canopy topography, respectively, we measured changes in spatial
patterns of stand structure of a United States southern mixed coniferous-deciduous for est. Autocorrelative and fractal properties
were measured in this opportunistic study to quantify changes in canopy architecture along twelve, 190-250 m transects that
were subjected to moderate to high levels of wind disturbance. Prior to the hurricane, canopy heights were autocorrelated
at scales <40 m with an average fractal dimension of 1.71. After the disturbance, autocorrelation disappeared; the average
fractal dimension rose to 1.94. This shift towards spatial randomness illustrates part of the cyclical nature of ecosystem
development. It shows how a catastrophic collapse of biomass accumulation corresponds to a decrease in ecosystem organization
across a landscape.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
4.
Many crop growth models require daily meteorological data. Consequently, model simulations can be obtained only at a limited number of locations, i.e. at weather stations with long-term records of daily data. To estimate the potential crop production at country level, we present in this study a geostatistical approach for spatial interpolation and aggregation of crop growth model outputs. As case study, we interpolated, simulated and aggregated crop growth model outputs of sorghum and millet in West-Africa. We used crop growth model outputs to calibrate a linear regression model using environmental covariates as predictors. The spatial regression residuals were investigated for spatial correlation. The linear regression model and the spatial correlation of residuals together were used to predict theoretical crop yield at all locations using kriging with external drift. A spatial standard deviation comes along with this prediction, indicating the uncertainty of the prediction. In combination with land use data and country borders, we summed the crop yield predictions to determine an area total. With spatial stochastic simulation, we estimated the uncertainty of that total production potential as well as the spatial cumulative distribution function. We compared our results with the prevailing agro-ecological Climate Zones approach used for spatial aggregation. Linear regression could explain up to 70% of the spatial variation of the yield. In three out of four cases the regression residuals showed spatial correlation. The potential crop production per country according to the Climate Zones approach was in all countries and cases except one within the 95% prediction interval as obtained after yield aggregation. We concluded that the geostatistical approach can estimate a country’s crop production, including a quantification of uncertainty. In addition, we stress the importance of the use of geostatistics to create tools for crop modelling scientists to explore relationships between yields and spatial environmental variables and to assist policy makers with tangible results on yield gaps at multiple levels of spatial aggregation. 相似文献
5.
刘娜 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》2011,21(2):21-22
贫富差距拉大,社会保障制度不健全,教育资源配置失衡,住房问题严重,是我国社会不公平的集中表现和原因所在。完善社会保障制度,合理配置教育资源,加大住房政策改革及实施力度是关键。 相似文献
6.
The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region,China 下载免费PDF全文
Yue-e LIU Yu-xin LI Tian-fang LÜ Jin-feng XING Tian-jun XU Wan-tao CAI Yong ZHANG Jiu-ran ZHAO Rong-huan WANG 《农业科学学报》2021,20(2):450-459
Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH. 相似文献
7.
通过建立理论模型,并用2014年湖南省5县区20个城乡社区的调查数据,从家务劳动时间的视角分析湖南劳动力市场的性别工资差异及其影响因素。结果发现,家务劳动时间是影响湖南劳动力市场性别工资差异的重要因素,同时其他影响因素还有月工资收入、受教育程度、行业等,但职务职称对性别工资差异的影响存在不确定性。因此,政府应大力发展家庭服务业,建立健全覆盖城乡的家庭服务体系,基本满足家庭的服务需求,使女性从家务劳动中解脱出来,同时应通过政策倾斜确保女性培训比例,增强就业竞争实力;规范劳动合同,维护私有及民营企业女性从业者在劳动就业、社会保障等方面的合法权益。 相似文献
8.
土壤温度对作物的生长发育具有很强的调控作用。在全球气候变化背景下,根区土壤温度对玉米生长的影响及其调控机制已成为当前研究的一个热点。结合目前农业生产中土壤低温和高温对玉米造成危害的现状,从土壤温度对作物根区土壤环境以及玉米根系生长、冠层发育与产量形成的影响方面,综述土壤温度对玉米生长发育调控作用的研究进展,介绍改变土壤温度的措施以及对玉米土壤温度研究的发展方向进行展望,为今后的研究提供参考。 相似文献
9.
卵泡从原始卵泡发育为成熟卵泡,直至排卵、黄体发育等过程都受到精密的调控,产生大量的优势卵泡是绵羊产多羔及实现快速扩繁的关键因素。研究发现,相关信号通路和转录因子通过影响绵羊卵泡中卵母细胞、颗粒细胞的生长,进而调控卵泡的发育成熟,对这些信号通路进行深入了解,有助于探索卵泡发育的调控机制,早日实现绵羊高效繁育。Notch是卵泡发育过程中发挥重要作用的高度保守信号通路,PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路各成员都是广泛存在于细胞内的信号转导分子,在卵泡发育早期发挥了主要作用,还有间隙连接(gap junction,GJ)和跨带突触(transzonal projections,TZPs)等物理连接方式,在细胞间的交流通讯起到重要作用。作者详细介绍了Notch信号通路、PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路、间隙连接及跨带突触的结构功能在绵羊卵泡发育中的调控作用,为进一步探明绵羊卵泡发育的调控机制提供参考。 相似文献
10.
以机载LiDAR离散点云数据为数据源,基于植被冠层孔隙率与叶面积指数的关系,提出一种反演大田玉米叶面积指数的方法。对反演LAI和实测LAI进行对比分析,结果表明:基于Axelsson改进的不规则三角格网加密方法可以将地面点和非地面点分开,结合高分辨率影像能够提取出玉米冠层点云;基于孔隙率反演LAI,尼尔逊参数的选择对结果影响很大,利用扫描天顶角模拟尼尔逊参数,LAI反演结果接近于真实情况。利用机载LiDAR点云数据能精确地反演大田玉米LAI,该研究方法适用于中等高度的农作物,可以扩展到甜菜、甘蔗等其他中等高度农作物。 相似文献