异硫氰酸丙烯酯毒杀松材线虫作用机制初步研究

对异硫氰酸丙烯酯毒杀松材线虫作用机制进行了初步研究。测定了其对线虫虫体形态、运动行为、体内总糖和蛋白质含量的影响,以及处理前后线虫体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性变化。结果表明:经异硫氰酸丙烯酯处理后的松材线虫虫体形态严重扭曲,运动形态出现由正常的S形变化为多节弯曲和螺旋状卷曲等异常状况,线虫行动随时间的推移变得迟缓,最终呈C形、新月形或直接死亡。随着异硫氰酸丙烯酯处理质量浓度的增大,线虫体内总糖和蛋白质含量显著上升,糖和蛋白质的代谢发生紊乱;线虫体内CAT、AChE和GST活性显著降低,且均低于对照组,表明线虫体内氧化和抗氧化作用失衡;细胞受到极大的影响,神经系统遭到破坏,解毒能力明显降低。研究结果可为研究利用异硫氰酸丙烯酯作为植物源杀线虫剂提供依据。     

汕头市松材线虫病的防治

基于汕头市濠江区已发现松材线虫病疫情的实际情况,针对该病的防治特点,结合汕头市各辖区山林的实际情况,从判断、预防、治理三个方面提出相应的防治对策,为科学防控该病在我市的扩散危害提供参考。     

Duplex PCR 快速检测松材线虫

利用duplex PCR技术对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)与拟松材线虫(B. mucronatus)的rDNA部分核苷酸序列扩增.根据松材线虫与拟松材线虫的ITS1序列区别,设计出特异性引物,检测松材线虫的存在;在5.8S,28S保守序列区设计通用引物,检测伞滑刃线虫的存在.     

Major ascaroside pheromone component asc-C5 influences reproductive plasticity among isolates of the invasive species pinewood nematode

Pheromones are communication chemicals and regulatory signals used by animals and represent unique tools for organisms to mediate behaviors and make “decisions” to maximize their fitness. Phenotypic plasticity refers to the innate capacity of a species to tolerate a greater breadth of environmental conditions across which it adapts to improve its survival, reproduction, and fitness. The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, an invasive nematode species, was accidentally introduced from North America into Japan, China, and Europe; however, few studies have investigated its pheromones and phenotypic plasticity as a natural model. Here, we demonstrated a novel phenomenon, in which nematodes under the condition of pheromone presence triggered increased reproduction in invasive strains (JP1, JP2, CN1, CN2, EU1, and EU2), while it simultaneously decreased reproduction in native strains (US1 and US2). The bidirectional effect on fecundity, mediated by presence/absence of pheromones, is henceforth termed pheromone-regulative reproductive plasticity (PRRP). We further found that synthetic ascaroside asc-C5 (ascr#9), the major pheromone component, plays a leading role in PRRP and identified 2 candidate receptor genes, Bxydaf-38 and Bxysrd-10, involved in perceiving asc-C5. These results suggest that plasticity of reproductive responses to pheromones in pinewood nematode may increase its fitness in novel environments following introduction. This opens up a new perspective for invasion biology and presents a novel strategy of invasion, suggesting that pheromones, in addition to their traditional roles in chemical signaling, can influence the reproductive phenotype among native and invasive isolates. In addition, this novel mechanism could broadly explain, through comparative studies of native and invasive populations of animals, a potential underlying factor behind of the success of other biological invasions.     

从化温泉松材线虫病综合防治示范区建设及其成效

2001～2005年,在严密监测疫情的基础上,对从化温泉松材线虫病综合防治示范区采取检疫封锁、清除病死树、应用引诱剂防治和树干打孔注药等综合防治措施,取得了良好的防治效果,发病松林面积由2001年开始发病时的573.3 hm2减少到2005年底的346.7 hm2,病死树数量由2001年的3 726株降低到2005年的239株,林间松墨天牛种群数量也大幅度下降.初步形成了一套较为完整的松材线虫病防治技术方法.     

松材线虫病生物防治研究进展

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus是外来入侵生物,主要依靠媒介昆虫的携带在自然界中扩散传播。目前松材线虫病的生物防治研究主要集中在对松材线虫本身及其传播媒介——松墨天牛的控制两方面。本文对国内外松材线虫病的生物防治方法研究做了总结。     

松材线虫及其近缘种热激蛋白90基因(hsp90)克隆与序列分析

热激蛋白90家族(heat shock protein 90(HSP)family)是一种进化保守的蛋白质,在分子伴侣功能、细胞循环调控、抗原传递方面发挥着重要作用。本研究用RT-PCR和RACE技术,克隆得到了松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)、拟松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus mucronatus)和豆伞滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchus doui)热激蛋白90基因的cDNA全长序列,分别命名为Bx-hsp90、Bm-hsp90和Bd-hsp90,(GenBank登录号分别为:GU013561、HMO34943和HM347331),其cDNA全长分别为2255、2193和2232bp,开放阅读框均为2127bp,编码708个氨基酸,5'端非编码区的长度分别为33、13和13bp,3'端非编码区的长度分别为95、53和92bp。其DNA全长分别为2440、2388和2407bp,包含3个内含子。三者氨基酸序列的一致性为98.78%。进化分析表明,松材线虫、拟松材线虫、豆伞滑刃线虫与秀丽小杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)的亲缘关系较近,推测三...     

骆驼蓬提取物对松材线虫的生物活性及生理效应

 为寻找创制新型生物合理杀线虫剂提供活性模板化合物和理论基础，首次报道广泛分布于中国西北地区的荒漠抗逆植物骆驼蓬对松材线虫的生物活性及生理效应。松枝水培试验结果表明，骆驼蓬种子正丁醇萃取物250 ?g·ml-1处理后，松枝蒸腾强度、流脂量级别和病情指数均与清水对照差异不显著，对松材线虫病害的控制效果明显优于石油醚萃取物、氯仿萃取物和水萃取物。从正丁醇萃取物中分离获得骆驼蓬总碱、骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱和馏分A1～A8。毒力测定表明，骆驼蓬碱、馏分A1和A6是骆驼蓬杀线虫的主要活性成分，处理后48 h，对松材线虫(混合虫龄)LC50分别为135.74、160.40和86.02 ?g·ml-1。正丁醇萃取物、骆驼蓬总碱、骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱、馏分A1和A6均能显著抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性，但对碱性磷酸酯酶活性无显著影响，对 -和 -乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶活性有不同程度的抑制作用，以100 ?g·ml-1处理松材线虫后6 h，乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力抑制率为50.15%～73.14%，对酸性磷酸酯酶活性的抑制率为38.56%～48.37%。抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性可能是骆驼蓬提取物主要杀线虫机理之一。     

利用荧光PCR快速检测松材线虫

利用荧光PCR从美国进境的木质包装材料中成功检出松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus).结果表明,探针检测松材线虫样品时,可产生明显的荧光信号,但空白水对照、小杆线虫(Rhabditida)、拟松材线虫(B.mucronatus)无荧光信号,表明探针有较强的特异性,且具有简单、灵敏、快速等特点.