不同浓度啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白与硼砂组合对橘小实蝇的捕杀效果

于阳桃园和番石榴园,田间测定了不同浓度啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白与硼砂组合对橘小实蝇的诱捕和诱杀效果。结果表明:在诱捕和诱杀试验中,随着蛋白浓度和硼砂浓度的增加,酶解蛋白硼砂组合对橘小实蝇的捕杀数量呈逐渐增加趋势,以25 g/L蛋白、0.09 mol/L硼砂组合最高。通过诱捕和诱杀试验确定啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白的最佳田间使用浓度为20~25 g/L,硼砂的添加量为0.06~0.12 mol/L。     

硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂施用量与玉米淀粉含量关系的研究

采用二次回归通用旋转组合试验设计,分析硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂不同施用量对高淀粉玉米淀粉含量的影响。结果表明：硫磺、硫酸锌与玉米淀粉含量的关系符合二次曲线,硼砂与淀粉含量为正的线性关系;单独施用时,硫磺和硫酸锌降低淀粉含量,硼砂增加淀粉含量;硫磺与硫酸锌存在正向互作,与硼砂存在负向互作;硫酸锌与硼砂不存在互作。淀粉含量高于76.39%的施肥方案是硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂用量分别为6.39～31.56、8.2～32.0、22.4～28.5 kg/hm2。     

Biological response of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to various regimes of chemical and biorational insecticides

The chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new invasive pest in the USA, is an economically important pest of certain vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops in southern and eastern Asia, Oceania and parts of Africa. These crops cannot be protected from the pest without resorting to the use of chemical insecticides. In order to forestall or delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. dorsalis, we continued our focus on the discovery of insecticides with different modes of action for rotational use. In this study we evaluated candidate insecticides to control S. dorsalis on ‘Jalapeno’ pepper, Capsicum annuum L.; these materials belong to different IRAC mode of action classes as follows: (i) 4A – neonicotinoids, i.e., imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran, (ii) 5 – spinosyns, i.e., spinosad and spinetoram, (iii) 3A – pyrethroids, i.e., β-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, ζ-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin and (iv) 8D – borax mixed together with orange oil and detergents in the TriCon^® formulation. In addition we evaluated the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard^®) alone and in combination with the borax formulation at ½ of their usual rates of application. Each of the 3 neonicotinoid insecticides when applied either as a single foliar spray or as a soil drench significantly suppressed both adults and larvae for at least 10 days; indeed imidacloprid did so for 15 days. Dinotefuran was more effective as a foliar spray than as a soil drench. Spinosyns applied as a single foliar spray, significantly suppressed both adults and larvae through 15 days after treatment (DAT). None of the 4 pyrethroids provided significant suppression of either adults or larvae. The borax formulation suppressed adults and larvae through 10 DAT. B. bassiana significantly suppressed only the larvae at 5 DAT and not at 10 DAT. This study brings the number of insecticides known to be effective against S. dorsalis to 10 and these belong to 7 different modes of action classes. The use of such insecticides in rotation belonging to different classes will help delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. dorsalis.     

板栗空棚产生原因及降低板栗空棚率技术措施的研究

板栗空棚严重影响燕山板票的产量.产生原因与土壤中缺硼有关.通过早春施硼肥可使空棚率由85.53%下降到2.43%,产量提高7.7倍.但花期喷硼效果不稳定;人工辅助授粉和增施氮、磷、钾肥料及浇水对降低空棚率均无明显效果.     

改良甲亚胺H酸法快速测定豆奶中硼砂

[目的]建立快速测定豆奶中硼砂的新方法。[方法]以市售豆奶为样品,经碱化、碳化、灰化,以5ml5％HCl溶解其灰分,使硼砂转化为硼酸根离子,用甲亚胺H酸作显色剂,在波长420n／n处测定其吸光值。[结果]试验表明,样品中硼酸浓度在0—0．500mg／ml线性良好,线性相关系数为0．9991,其加标回收率为97．04％-99．58％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1．53％。3．69％。最低检出限浓度1．83mg／kg。与姜黄素分光光度法比较,差异无显著性（t=1．800,P〉0．05）。[结论]该法所需试验设备简单,避免了繁琐的浓缩步骤,节约了大量乙醇,灵敏度及准确性均能满足分析要求,适用于大批量豆奶中硼砂的检测。     

叶面喷施硼·钼及稀土微肥对五味子成花及产量的影响

[目的]利用硼、钼及稀土微肥对五味子[Schisandra chinensis（Turcz.）Baill.]进行成花调节,并分析其对产量的影响。[方法]采用完全随机区组设计,共设9个不同浓度的微肥试验处理,分别为：硼肥低（2 000 mg/L）、中（4 000 mg/L）和高浓度处理（6 000 mg/L）,钼肥低（1 000 mg/L）、中（3 000 mg/L）和高浓度处理（5 000 mg/L）,稀土低（100 mg/L）、中（300 mg/L）和高浓度处理（600 mg/L）,以蒸馏水处理作为对照。[结果]稀土高浓度处理在提高总花数方面为最佳,比CK增长53.02%,但并不能有效调节雌雄花比例;硼肥中浓度处理在提高五味子雌花数和单株产量上最佳,雌花数比CK增加了151.76%,单株产量比CK增加了65.43%;与CK相比,钼肥能提供五味子总花数、雌花数和单株产量,但增量与硼肥与稀土相比不显著。[结论]该研究为提高五味子雌花率和产量提供了有效的技术措施。     

A novel concept for the control of parasitic weeds by decomposing germination stimulants prior to action

A new concept for controlling parasitic weeds is described. By decomposing germination stimulants prior to action no germination of seeds can take place anymore. Ethanol fractions of the strigolactone (SL) analogues viz., the standard synthetic analogues GR 24 and Nijmegen-1, and analogues derived from tetralone and coumarine, were added to an aqueous buffer with a pH ranging from 6 to 8 and the half lifes (t_1/2) of the hydrolysis were measured. Nijmegen-1 hydrolysed faster than GR 24 and the analogue from tetralone was the most stable one at all pH's. It was found that the aqueous solutions of either borax or thiourea rapidly decompose typical SL analogues, including GR 24 and Nijmegen-1, within an hour. The hydrolysis of SLs by borax was monitored with UV spectroscopy and for thiourea gas chromatography was used. This decomposition of SLs by either borax or thiourea in natural conditions would deprive the seeds of the parasitic weeds of the essential germination stimulants and as a consequence not allow them to germinate. Hence, conditions for an effective weed control are fulfilled.     

硼砂浸种处理对马铃薯萌发的影响

以马铃薯克新13为材料,采用不同浓度的硼砂进行浸种处理,测定种薯淀粉含量、还原糖含量、蔗糖含量、淀粉酶活性的变化及马铃薯芽长、芽粗、芽质量等,研究硼素对马铃薯萌发的作用效果及作用机理。研究结果表明,适量硼素通过提高淀粉酶活性,促进淀粉分解,提高还原糖和蔗糖含量,促进幼芽伸长、增粗,进而增强芽势。     

Efficacy of sodium borate in the prevention of fatty liver in dairy cows

The effects of sodium borate (100 mg/kg body weight, p.o., 15 days) from a month before expected calving until a month after calving were evaluated in dairy cows susceptible to fatty liver. Cows received either sodium borate (n = 13) or no treatment (n = 10). All cows had mild fatty livers and increased plasma triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations at the beginning of the experiment. The control group of cows developed significant fatty liver after calving, and 2 of them had severe fatty liver associated with clinical and biochemical abnormalities. There were no clinicopathological signs related to sodium borate administration. Serum triglycerides and VLDL concentrations before calving decreased significantly at calving and after calving in controls, and they were within the normal range only after calving. There were significant alterations during the experiment in some hematological and chemical variables between groups, within period, but they were within the normal range. Unlike treated cows, serum triglycerides and VLDL concentrations correlated with liver fat content after calving in untreated cows. Our results document that sodium borate decreases the degree of fatty liver in dairy cows during early lactation.     

硼肥不同施用方式对黄瓜生长的影响

以津早1号黄瓜为材料,研究硼砂不同施用方式对黄瓜生长的影响。试验结果表明,硼肥采用基肥条施和叶面喷施2种方式,均能有效地提高黄瓜体内叶绿素含量和净光合速率;使霜霉病和白粉病发病率显著降低,产量显著提高;使 VC 含量显著提高,可溶性固形物含量显著降低。生产中建议,硼砂采用叶面喷施（浓度为0.15%）,从定植后10 d 开始,每隔10 d 喷施1次,连续喷施2~3次;或者作基肥一次性施入,施用量0.5 kg/667 m2。