Isolation of two strains of a new Tombusvirus (Havel river virus, HaRV) from surface waters in Germany

Two virus isolates from water samples — one from a small stream in South Western Germany and another one from the Havel river in North Eastern Germany c. 500 km away, proved to be strains, named S and H, respectively, of a new Tombusvirus for which the name Havel river virus (HaRV) had been suggested previously in a brief account. Immunoelectron microscopical decoration tests and sequence comparisons of the coat proteins indicated that the two HaRV strains are only distantly related to known Tombusviruses. The closest relationships were found to Cucumber necrosis virus. Nothing is known about their natural hosts. Because the S strain of HaRV was isolated in a woody area from a small stream close to its origin, they may be pathogens of trees or wild plants in such habitats.     

达乌尔黄鼠线粒体Cyt b基因序列特征及其系统进化分析

在甘肃省天祝藏族自治县采集12只达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricus),PCR产物直接测序获得Cyt b基因1140bp序列,采用Clustal X 1.84、MEGA 6.0、Dna SP 5.0等生物信息学软件进行了序列特征和系统地位分析。结果显示,达乌尔黄鼠Cyt b基因含116个多态信息位点,群体中多态位点类型有转换、颠换,Cyt b基因T,C,A,G碱基含量分别为33.7%,25.9%,27.6%,12.9%。基于Kimura双参数的遗传距离显示,属内种间大黄鼠(Spermophilus major)与新疆黄鼠(Spermophilus fulvus)间遗传距离最小(0.034),高加索黄鼠(Spermophilus musicus)与达乌尔黄鼠最大(0.172),达乌尔黄鼠群体内遗传距离为0.140,种群分化较大,基于NJ法构建的系统进化树符合传统分类标准,研究为达乌尔黄鼠Cyt b基因标记的种群遗传学应用提供了参考。     

Genetic diversity in Cynara cardunculus revealed by AFLP markers: comparison between cultivars and wild types from Sicily*

Genetic diversity in 49 plants of 16 accessions representing one wild and two cultivated taxa of Cynara cardunculus L. (wild cardoon, cultivated cardoon and globe artichoke) was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. Four pairs of primers identified a total of 264 scorable loci, 196 of which were polymorphic. The number of markers scored per primer combination ranged from 41 to 107, with an average of 66 markers per primer combination. All the primer combinations detected polymorphism. The data were used for cluster analysis and AMOVA. The clusters obtained are in agreement with the current botanical classification and the differences among the taxa were substantial. The eco‐geographical groups within wild cardoon are clearly separated in relative subclusters, and reflect the geography of the collection areas. The six clones of the four cultivated artichoke varieties were clearly separated into four subclusters, corresponding to the current classification which is based on morphological traits. The results obtained may have a direct and important bearing on plant genetic resource conservation and management and on breeding.     

短花针茅群落主要物种种间关系的研究

应用2×2列联表的χ2检验和Spearman秩相关分析方法对短花针茅群落21个主要物种的种间关系进行了分析.结果表明:呈不显著相关的种对多于呈显著和极显著相关的种对,呈正相关和负相关的种对在所有种对中几乎各占一半;短花针茅群落21个主要物种可划分为三个生态种组,即冷蒿组、狭叶锦鸡儿组和短花针茅组;研究物种种间关系时,Spearman秩相关系数检验具有较高的灵敏度.     

Phylogenetic relationships in Origanum spp. based on rDNA sequences and intra-genetic variation of Greek O. vulgare subsp. hirtum revealed by RAPD

Origanum species are among the most widely spread herbs in the Mediterranean basin. Eventhough they are used as a spice, evaluation of their genetic diversity and evolution has only recently drawn attention. In order to study phylogenetic relationships, 14 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 clones belonging to the most common Origanum species were sequenced and a parsimony tree was constructed, using the approximate likelihood ratio test. All Origanum species were clearly separated from allied genera of the Mentheae tribe while a clear distinction between the Greek and the Spanish accessions was revealed. In addition the germplasm variability of the most common Greek oregano (O. vulgare subsp. hirtum) was investigated using the RAPD markers. The use of 10 random decamers resulted in 133 unambiguous and reproducible bands detected across 27 entries. Two main groups were identified by the UPGMA clustering using Jaccard's similarity coefficient, and major genetic dissimilarities among Greek O. vulgare subsp. hirtum populations and O. onites/O. virens species were detected. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that genetic variability is distributed mainly within populations; however, significant Φ_st values were detected between different geographical localities, supporting noteworthy genetic differentiation among O. vulgare subsp. hirtum populations.     

用微卫星标记研究南海四种石斑鱼的遗传变异与种间关系(英文)

[目的]从DNA分子水平揭示我国南海的四种重要经济海水鱼类点带石斑鱼(Epinephelusmalabaricus)、斜带石斑鱼(E.coioides)、鲑点石斑鱼(E.fario)、蜂巢石斑鱼(E.merra)的遗传群体变异水平与种间关系。[方法]本研究利用从GenBank中搜索到的21对微卫星引物,对点带石斑鱼、斜带石斑鱼、鲑点石斑鱼及蜂巢石斑鱼的等位基因数A、有效等位基因数Ne、多态信息含量PIC、观察遗传杂合度Ho、期望遗传杂合度He等遗传参数进行检测,并采用UPGMA类聚分析法探讨这四种石斑鱼的种间关系。[结果]点带石斑鱼群体的A、Ne、PIC、Ho和He等遗传参数的平均值分别为4.38±1.60、3.69±0.86、0.69±0.08、0.67±0.08、0.72±0.06,斜带石斑鱼群体的为3.88±1.13、3.55±1.04、0.66±0.10、0.68±0.21、0.70±0.08,鲑点石斑鱼群体的为6.00±1.07、4.68±0.65、0.78±0.03、0.73±0.25、0.79±0.03,蜂巢石斑鱼群体的为5.50±1.07、4.58±0.80、0.76±0.05、0.75±0.18、0.78±0.04。[结论]综合比较上述数值可知,四个石斑鱼群体的遗传变异程度依次为鲑点石斑鱼群体>蜂巢石斑鱼群体>点带石斑鱼>斜带石斑鱼群体;与其他海水鱼类的遗传变异水平比较,四种石斑鱼的群体遗传变异水平都较高,说明我国这些石斑鱼种类的遗传种质资源尚好。另外,遗传距离与类聚分析表明,点带石斑鱼与斜带石斑鱼遗传距离最近,而斜带石斑鱼与蜂巢石斑鱼的亲缘关系最远。     

人地协同视角下的成都平原统筹城乡土地利用战略研究

基于人地协同视角,运用系统分析方法,诊断成都平原城乡统筹进程中的土地利用问题,提出区域土地利用战略框架。结果表明:成都平原人地关系整体上不协同,人地"剪刀差"负效应有扩大趋势、土地利用总体较粗放、土地利用规划与相关规划缺乏有效衔接、部分地域功能模糊、农村生境问题突出和非农就业不畅等,都是区域城乡统筹进程中人地关系协同发展的制约因素。基于此,应通过统筹区域土地利用战略、农村土地节约集约利用战略、农村土地生态整治修复战略和农村土地制度创新战略,构建统筹城乡土地利用战略体系,促进成都平原人地关系协同有序发展。     

基于线粒体细胞色素b基因片段序列变异探讨3种鲳属鱼类系统进化

对鲳属3种鱼类共19个个体的细胞色素b（Cytb）基因进行PCR扩增,经比对校正得到1123bp的基因片段,共检测到141个变异位点,总变异为12.56%,5个简约信息位点,未出现插入和（或）缺失,序列中转换（Transition）明显多于颠换（Transversion）。鲳属3种鱼类19个序列共检测到11种单倍型,其T、C、A和G平均含量分别为29.1%、30.5%、27.4%和13.0%。（A＋T）%为56.5%,大于（G＋C）43.5%。结合来自GenBank中的鲳科的中间低鳍鲳Peprilus medius和星斑真鲳Stromateus stellatus的相应同源序列,并以长鲳科的刺鲳Psenopsis anomala作为外群,构建系统进化树。结果显示,翎鲳和中国鲳亲缘关系较近,二者与银鲳亲缘关系较远,同为鲳科的鱼类聚类后再与作为外群的刺鲳相聚。系统进化树显示,银鲳为3种鲳属鱼类中较早分化出的种,刺鲳位于进化树的基部,是较鲳属鱼类更为原始的类群,与形态分析结果一致。     

基于线性混合模型的蓝点马鲛叉长和体重关系的月间及性别差异

为了研究蓝点马鲛（）生活史特征的异质性,根据2018年10月至2019年3月在东海外海渔场的拖网调查采样数据,对其叉长和体重关系的月间及性别差异进行了研究。依据收集的367尾蓝点马鲛样本,求得其叉长和体重关系（b的估计均值为2.794。本研究构建了广义线性模型和9个线性混合模型,用于研究蓝点马鲛的叉长和体重关系（）在时间及性别上的差异。贝叶斯信息准则（BIC）值和均方根误差值均表明,最复杂的线性混合模型（即月份和性别对两个参数P<0.01）。在最优模型中,a值则与此相反。本研究表明,月份和性别对蓝点马鲛叉长和体重关系具有显著的影响,线性混合模型能把月份和性别的异质性通过随机效应在单个模型中更准确、快速地体现,从而进一步证实了此模型在数据来源异质性研究中的优势。