河蒴荛花对山楂叶螨活性的研究

为了寻找河蒴荛花对山楂叶螨的作用方式及其活性成分,试验对其活性流分WCME 11进行了扩散作用的研究,并测试了其总生物碱的生物活性。结果表明:WCME 11的刺激扩散率在浓度为0 125mg/ml时最高,累计扩散率为44 26%。0 125mg/ml和0 06mg/ml的扩散高峰在2～24h;0 03mg/ml、0 015mg/ml和0 007mg/ml的扩散高峰在24～48h。即WCME 11使用浓度在0 06mg/ml以上时,由于扩散高峰在杀伤力很大的时间范围内,不会因为扩散作用而引起再猖獗现象,显示了植物源农药的多方位作用的优势。而总生物碱对山楂叶螨各虫态无明显作用,初步证明其活性成分不属于生物碱类。本试验为河蒴荛花活性成分的寻找和作用机理的探索提供了一定的理论基础。     

镰形棘豆化学成分预试及生物碱成分薄层色谱分析

采用植物化学成分系统预试法、生物碱系统提取法和薄层色谱技术对镰形棘豆地上部分全草的化学成分,特别是生物碱成分进行了薄层色谱分析。结果表明,镰形棘豆地上部分全草中含有生物碱、有机酸、皂甙、黄酮、香豆素、萜类和挥发油等多种化学成分,其中以生物碱沉淀反应最明显;1.50 kg镰形棘豆经95%乙醇回流提取得总浸膏198.10 g,经酸化、碱化所得碱水液依次用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇分段萃取,得生物碱氯仿萃取部分0.72 g,乙酸乙酯萃取部分0.97 g,正丁醇萃取部分26.70 g,分别占总生物碱的2.54%、3.42%、94.04%,说明镰形棘豆生物碱主要集中在正丁醇萃取部分以大极性生物碱为主;各部分生物碱经薄层层析分析,发现镰形棘豆中生物碱的种类至少有24种,经与标准样品对照,证明镰形棘豆所含的生物碱主要以苦马豆素及其类似物等吲哚里西啶生物碱为主,同时也含有少量的黄华碱和臭豆碱等喹诺里西啶生物碱。     

博落回属植物化学成分的研究进展

博洛回（Macleaya cordata（Willd．）R．B）为罂粟科多年生草本植物,《本草拾遗》等记载博落回属毒草类,具大毒。多为民间常用杀蛆青草药,在我国已有悠久历史。博落回根茎、叶、果均含多种生物碱,对治疗多种炎症有效,所含生物碱也可抑制肿瘤细胞。我国博落回野生资源丰富,利用博落回开发新的产品将有广阔的市场前景。综述了博洛回属植物的化学成分研究现状和博洛回生物碱的药理作用。     

植物来源药物联合抗肿瘤的研究进展

主要对长春碱、小檗碱、喜树碱和苦参碱等生物碱类、紫杉醇类药物联合抗肿瘤治疗进行了综述,并指出植物来源药物联合抗肿瘤的发展方向。     

Morphinandienone alkaloids from Dehaasia longipedicellata

Five morphinoid alkaloids have been isolated from Dehaasia longipedicellata, namely (-) pallidine, a new alkaloid (+) pallidinine (1), (+)-milonine, (-) 8,14-dehydrosalutaridine and (-) sinoacutine.     

Content of Nutrient and Antinutrient in Edible Flowers of Wild Plants in Mexico

Nutrient and antinutritional/toxic factors present in some edible flowers consumed in Mexico were determined. The edible flowers were: Agave salmiana, Aloe vera, Arbutus xalapensis, Cucurbita pepo (cultivated), Erythrina americana, Erythrina caribaea, Euphorbia radians benth and Yucca filifera. The nutrient content in the flowers studied is similar to that of the edible leaves and flowers studied mainly in Africa. The moisture content of the flowers varied from 860 to 932 g kg⁻¹. Crude protein (CP) was between 113 to 275 g kg⁻¹ DM, crude fiber, 104 to 177 g kg⁻¹ DM and the nitrogen free extract, between 425 to 667 g kg⁻¹ DM. The highest chemical score (CS) was found in E. americana and A. salmiana; in five samples the limiting amino acid was lysine, and in three of them it was tryptophan. Trypsin inhibitors and hemaglutinnins had a very low concentration. Alkaloids were present in both the Erythrina species and the saponins in A. salmiana and Y. filifera. Cyanogenic glucosides were not found in the studied flowers. The traditional process of preparing these specific flowers before consumption is by cooking them and discarding the broth; in this way the toxic substances are diminished or eliminated. These edible flowers from wild plants consumed in local areas of the country play an important role in the diet of the people at least during the short time of the season where they are blooming.     

Mosquito larvicidal activity of alkaloids from Zanthoxylum lemairei against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Four alkaloids, 10-O-demethyl-17-O-methylisoarnottianamide 1, 6-acetonyl-N-methyl-dihydrodecarine 2, nitidine 3, and chelerythrine 4 were isolated from the plant Zanthoxylum lemairei (Rutaceae) and evaluated for mosquito larvicidal activity against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The mortalities of the larvae were determined after 24 h. The results of the larvicidal tests demonstrated that compounds 1 and 2 were the most potent with mortality rates of 96.7% and 98.3% at a concentration of 250 mg/L, respectively. Compound 3 was less potent with a mortality of 28.3% at the same concentration. The percent mortality of 100% was observed at a concentration of 500 mg/L. The least potent of the four alkaloids was compound 4, which achieved 100% mortality at 1000 mg/L. These findings could be useful in the research for newer more selective, biodegradable and natural larvicidal compounds or can be used as lead compounds for the development of larvicides.     

不同产地和生长年限伊贝母地上部位与鳞茎生物碱含量研究

[目的]研究不同产地和生长年限伊贝母地上部位与地下鳞茎总生物碱含量。[方法]采用酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱的含量。[结果]在不同产地和生长年限的伊贝母中,其地上部位与地下鳞茎的生物碱含量存在差异,4年生的伊贝母总生物碱含量比3年和5年的含量高,地上部位中总生物碱含量为地下鳞茎中的1.258~2.870倍,新疆伊犁州新源县中的伊贝母总生物碱含量均比其他产地的总生物碱含量低。[结论]不同产地和生长年限伊贝母中总生物碱含量因产地及生长年限不同而存在差异,但总体上地上部分的总生物碱含量高于地下鳞茎,存在进一步研究与开发的价值。     

黄连不同部位有效成分及生物量变化规律研究

以3～5年生黄连(味连)样品为实验材料,测定不同时期黄连植株各部位生物量及其药根碱、非洲防己碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀和小檗碱的含量,分析了黄连植株不同部位生物量和有效成分动态变化规律。结果表明,黄连根茎、须根和叶生物量的变化遵循一定的规律。随着生长年限的增加,根茎生物量不断积累,所占整个植株比重不断增大,五年生黄连根茎生物量达到总生物量的54.06%～65.28%。黄连须根与叶生物量变化规律一致,占总生物量比例均在逐年减少。黄连叶片和叶柄中6种生物碱要比根茎和须根中的生物碱含量低。叶片与叶柄中的总碱含量在1.71%～2.47%间,须根在4.18%～5.51%,根茎在10.17%～14.35%。除药根碱外,其它生物碱在根茎中的含量比在须根中高。除小檗碱外,各生物碱及总碱含量在叶柄和叶片中以三年生黄连较高。在须根和根茎中,主要是以四年生和五年生黄连中生物碱含量较高。     

苦豆子生物碱对奶牛乳房炎致病菌体外抗菌活性的研究

为进一步研究苦豆子生物碱对奶牛乳房炎致病菌的体外抗菌活性,选取金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌三种奶牛乳腺炎病原菌,采用苦豆子总碱、氧化苦参碱、氧化槐定碱、槐定碱等4种苦豆子生物碱进行药物敏感度试验,以试管二倍稀释法测定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果表明:苦豆子总碱与槐定碱对引起奶牛乳腺炎的三种病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌及大肠杆菌均有相似的抑菌活性,其中最为敏感的为无乳链球菌,MIC为3.125 ～ 6.25 mg/mL,其次为大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌,MIC为6.25 ～ 12.5 mg/mL.氧化苦参碱与氧化槐定碱表现较弱的抑菌活性.研究为苦豆子生物碱用于奶牛乳房炎的预防与治疗提供了依据.