油茶丰产栽培技术

油茶是我国特有的木本油料树种,具有适应力强、能够防火等特性。本文从选择良种壮苗、林地规划(林地选择、整地设计、密度设计)、定植、基础设施建设、松土除草及间作、病虫害防治等方面总结了油茶造林的丰产栽培技术,以期为油茶造林业主提供一定借鉴。     

Factors driving natural regeneration beneath a planted urban forest

Cities around the world are investing in urban forest plantings as a form of green infrastructure. The aim is that these plantations will develop into naturally-regenerating native forest stands. However, woody plant recruitment is often cited as the most limiting factor to creating self-sustaining urban forests. As such, there is interest in site treatments that promote recruitment of native woody species and simultaneously suppress woody non-native recruitment. We tested how three, common site treatments—compost, nurse shrubs, and tree species composition (six-species vs. two-species)—affected woody plant recruitment in 54 experimental plots beneath a large-scale tree planting within a high-traffic urban park. We identified naturally regenerating seedling and sapling species and measured their abundance six-years after the site was planted. This enabled us to examine initial recruitment dynamics (i.e. seedlings) and gain a better understanding of seedling success as they transition to the midstory (i.e. saplings). Seedling and sapling recruitment (native and total) was greater in areas with higher canopy cover. The combination of the nurse shrub treatment with compost and species composition (six-species) treatments increased seedling recruitment by 47% and 156%, respectively; however, the nurse shrub treatment by itself decreased seedling recruitment by 5% and native seedling recruitment by 35%. The compost treatment alone had no effect on the total number of recruits but resulted in 76% more non-native seedlings. The sizes of these treatment effects were strongly dependent on whether the forest plantings were in open areas, versus areas with existing tree canopy, the latter condition facilitating recruitment. Our findings therefore suggest that combinations of site treatments, paired with broad canopy tree species, may be most effective for promoting regeneration of native species resulting in more self-sustaining urban forests.     

低档计算机的合理再利用

本文介绍厂一种通过将Windows 2000 Server的终端服务功能和第3方软件的有机结合，把低档计算机(286、386等)作为Windows 2000 Server服务器的终端，在终端上运行Windows 2000，Officc2000、PhotoShop、C语言、PAPAL语言等常用软件和下具的低档计算机再利用的方法。     

Deep Freezing of Boar Semen Packaged in Plastic Bags and Straws

For practical reasons, a large volume (i.e. 5 ml) of frozen boar semen per insemination dose is desirable, but successful freezing has not been achieved, since optimal cooling rates have not yet been established. Post-thaw motility and the acrosome intep'ty of semen from four boars frozen with a programmable freezin machine, in mini-(0.25 ml), maxi-(5 ml) plastic straws and in 10 × 5 cm PVC- or Teflon FEP-plastic bags (0.35 – 0.12 mm thick, 5 ml) was studied. The freezing of the semen was monitored using thermocouples placed in the straws and the bags. The freezing curve started from +5°C, at a rate of −3°C/min, to – 6°C, it was held for 1 min at −6°C, and was followed by further drop to −100°C at a rate of −20°C/min, with subsequent storage in LN₂. The bags had a much shorter freezing point plnteau, compared to the maxi-straws. Post-thaw sperm motility was significantly higher when semen was frozen in mini-straws or in bags than in maxi-straws. The freezing procedure did not cause major acrosomal damages, significantly more normal apical ridges being present in the bags and mini-straws than in the maxi-straws. This in vitro evaluation indicates that the freezing method employed is satisfactory for freezing large volumes of boar semen into plastic bags .     

林木抗旱性生理指标及其在干旱区造林中应用研究

<正> 中国干旱半干旱区面积占全国面积的52.5%,半壁河山是以水分胁迫为主导限制因子的特殊生态区。为了提高这一地区的造林质量,选择旱生和抗旱性强的树种造林是主要造林技术之一。对于如何评价和比较林木的抗旱性,传统方法多采用对林木生态环境因子及对林木生     

黑龙江西部低山丘陵区应用保水剂造林适宜施用量试验研究

保水剂不同施用量的盆栽梯度试验与不同拌种比例的直播造林试验的结果表明：随着保水剂施用量的增加，植苗造林维持苗木成活生长时间逐渐延长，其中维持新植苗木持续成活生长15天左右的施用量分别为：小黑杨（2根1干）10～12 g，丁香（2年实生苗）8～10 g，樟子松（2年实生苗）6～8 g；直播拌种造林则随着加拌保水剂比例增大，胡枝子出苗量逐渐提高，1∶10、1∶15及1∶20比例与对照差异显著，当年苗高同时逐渐提高，1∶10比例与对照差异显著。通过与人工浇水比较，在保证造林成活率的前提下，植苗造林施用保水剂可分别节约造林抚育成本：小黑杨1142．5元／hm2、丁香1110元／hm2、樟子松1353．34元／hm2。     

“善有善报”与“善不受报”——佛教善恶“因果”观辨析

谈善论恶乃是佛教的永恒主题。在中国佛教中，存在着两种完全不同的善恶“因果”观，一是注重“果”的“善有善报，恶有恶报”，二是注重“因”的“诸恶莫作，众善奉行”；其中有着“决定论”意味的“善有善报，恶有恶报”其实是中国本土儒家文化以及民间习俗中的“因果报应”思想在佛教中的反映，属于中国化的善恶“因果”观；而“诸恶莫作，众善奉行”则是基于印度佛教的“缘起论”，是原汁原味的印度佛教善恶“因果”观。依据印度佛教的这种善恶“因果”观，东晋竺道生进一步提出了“善不受报”的思想。依据“善不受报”以及作为其理论基础的佛教“缘起论”，一个人只管行善而不要去追求行善的回报，然而就是这种不求回报的行善才能得到最大限度的回报。     

造林施工偏差对幼龄林生长及抚育的影响

本文通过开展中幼龄林抚育作业设计，调查不同林分因子，得出造林施工偏差对幼龄林林分结构、林木冠形、根系生长、胸径生长及抚育工作有着显著的影响。     

Selecting Bid with Reasonably Low Price Without Bottom Price Based On Sector Estimate

For raveling out the main shortage of tendering which is the reasonable sector is unreasonable of making the bid evaluation uncertain. In order to eliminate subjective factor, this paper quantificationally analyses the price in bidding and establishes the sector selecting bid model based on the sector estimate idea, which tries to provide a new method and academic basic for determining the reasonable sector. Finally, the article gives an example to prove that the model is feasible and effective and it tries to ensure the bidding assessment public, equitable and just.     

An EOQ Model Taking Account of the Variable Selling Price Under Stock Dependent Selling Rate

In 1995, Padmanabhan and Vrat presented inventory models for deteriorating items with a constant selling price and stock dependent selling rate . Based on the result, in 2000, Kun-Jen Chung, Peter Chu and Shaw-Ping Lan devoloped the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solutions of the profit per unit time functions without backlogging and with complete backlogging. Actually, the selling price need not be constant, it may be variable . This paper puts forward an EOQ model when the selling price is variable without backlogging, discusses the existence and uniqueness of optimum solution. The example is provided to illustrate the model. The theoretical evidence is provided for the inventory system to make management decision.