油茶丰产栽培技术

油茶是我国特有的木本油料树种,具有适应力强、能够防火等特性。本文从选择良种壮苗、林地规划(林地选择、整地设计、密度设计)、定植、基础设施建设、松土除草及间作、病虫害防治等方面总结了油茶造林的丰产栽培技术,以期为油茶造林业主提供一定借鉴。     

Factors driving natural regeneration beneath a planted urban forest

Cities around the world are investing in urban forest plantings as a form of green infrastructure. The aim is that these plantations will develop into naturally-regenerating native forest stands. However, woody plant recruitment is often cited as the most limiting factor to creating self-sustaining urban forests. As such, there is interest in site treatments that promote recruitment of native woody species and simultaneously suppress woody non-native recruitment. We tested how three, common site treatments—compost, nurse shrubs, and tree species composition (six-species vs. two-species)—affected woody plant recruitment in 54 experimental plots beneath a large-scale tree planting within a high-traffic urban park. We identified naturally regenerating seedling and sapling species and measured their abundance six-years after the site was planted. This enabled us to examine initial recruitment dynamics (i.e. seedlings) and gain a better understanding of seedling success as they transition to the midstory (i.e. saplings). Seedling and sapling recruitment (native and total) was greater in areas with higher canopy cover. The combination of the nurse shrub treatment with compost and species composition (six-species) treatments increased seedling recruitment by 47% and 156%, respectively; however, the nurse shrub treatment by itself decreased seedling recruitment by 5% and native seedling recruitment by 35%. The compost treatment alone had no effect on the total number of recruits but resulted in 76% more non-native seedlings. The sizes of these treatment effects were strongly dependent on whether the forest plantings were in open areas, versus areas with existing tree canopy, the latter condition facilitating recruitment. Our findings therefore suggest that combinations of site treatments, paired with broad canopy tree species, may be most effective for promoting regeneration of native species resulting in more self-sustaining urban forests.     

林木抗旱性生理指标及其在干旱区造林中应用研究

<正> 中国干旱半干旱区面积占全国面积的52.5%,半壁河山是以水分胁迫为主导限制因子的特殊生态区。为了提高这一地区的造林质量,选择旱生和抗旱性强的树种造林是主要造林技术之一。对于如何评价和比较林木的抗旱性,传统方法多采用对林木生态环境因子及对林木生     

黑龙江西部低山丘陵区应用保水剂造林适宜施用量试验研究

保水剂不同施用量的盆栽梯度试验与不同拌种比例的直播造林试验的结果表明：随着保水剂施用量的增加，植苗造林维持苗木成活生长时间逐渐延长，其中维持新植苗木持续成活生长15天左右的施用量分别为：小黑杨（2根1干）10～12 g，丁香（2年实生苗）8～10 g，樟子松（2年实生苗）6～8 g；直播拌种造林则随着加拌保水剂比例增大，胡枝子出苗量逐渐提高，1∶10、1∶15及1∶20比例与对照差异显著，当年苗高同时逐渐提高，1∶10比例与对照差异显著。通过与人工浇水比较，在保证造林成活率的前提下，植苗造林施用保水剂可分别节约造林抚育成本：小黑杨1142．5元／hm2、丁香1110元／hm2、樟子松1353．34元／hm2。     

造林施工偏差对幼龄林生长及抚育的影响

本文通过开展中幼龄林抚育作业设计，调查不同林分因子，得出造林施工偏差对幼龄林林分结构、林木冠形、根系生长、胸径生长及抚育工作有着显著的影响。     

Welfare and environmental benefits of integrating commercially viable free-range broiler chickens into newly planted woodland: A UK case study

The commercial, welfare and environmental impacts of rearing small colonies of free-range chickens in newly planted woodland at two sites in the UK, during the first 2 years of the enterprise, were investigated. Newly planted rather than established trees were used so that commercially viable species could be planted in a way that would suit the management of the chicken enterprise, and small colonies were used so that farmers wishing to diversify could buy into the system progressively. It was anticipated that marketing a high specification product would provide an immediate income, whilst waiting for the future investment in trees to grow.     

屋顶蓄水绿化技术研究

通过开展城市屋顶蓄水绿化的研究和实践,分析总结了屋顶水体的特点,进而得出,只要在屋顶蓄水绿化设计、施工、管理的过程中,遵循生态适应性、绿化为主、长期绿化和短期生产相结合等原则,精心设计,合理选择植物、植物载体、定植容器,科学管理,那么屋顶水体绿化确实可行,也将大有可为.     

滨海盐碱地不同造林树种林地土壤盐碱化特征

采用野外取样与室内分析测试相结合的方法,对不同林地土壤的全盐量、阴阳离子组成、总碱度、p H、电导率、碱化度等指标进行了系统研究。结果表明:对照空地与各林地土壤中均无CO32-存在,造林可明显改变土壤中Na+、Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-等可溶性盐离子的含量,降低土壤全盐含量,造林地土壤阴离子由SO42-+Cl-为主演变为SO42-+HCO3-为主。土壤p H、碱化度和总碱度的变化趋势一致,不同造林地土壤碱化程度以紫穗槐林地最大,柽柳林地次之。土壤全盐含量(y)和电导率(x)间呈极显著线性正相关,故可用电导率计算含盐量进行研究区域的盐渍化程度分级。研究结果可为阐明滨海盐碱地的盐碱化过程、指导土壤改良提供参考。     

永春县马尾松摘梢造林试验效果分析

通过对马尾松摘梢与无摘梢造林成活率、胸径生长、高生长情况进行调查分析,结果表明:摘梢造林平均成活率比无摘梢高出28%,摘梢造林与无摘梢造林对马尾松的胸径、树高生长影响均无显著差异,坡位对马尾松的胸径、树高生长影响极显著差异。     

风对林木的影响

风除对森林造成了危害外,还对树木的生长、形态以及森林生态等产生影响。随着全球气候变化的发展,更多和更强的暴风出现的危险性日益增加。为了更好地理解风害对树木、林分和森林生态系统的影响,为森林经营管理提供依据,本文对近10年来国际上有关风对林木影响内容进行归纳总结。结果表明,风对林木影响的研究主要在以下几个方面取得了重要的进展：1)风与林木的空气动力学关系;2)树木在风力荷载下其适应性的生长机理;3)树木对风的生理响应：4)森林风害的危险评估。所有这些研究大都在人工用材林中进行的。此外,本文还介绍了该研究领域需要开展的其它研究,如1)天然林或天然次生林的风害研究;2)风害形成的林窗和森林动态研究;3)风害对森林生态主要过程的影响研究;4)．风害与森林管理研究。图3参61。