德国的畜牧业信息管理

德国的畜牧企业一般为私有制企业.全德16个州,约有11.66万个农业企业,其中养牛企业8.9万户,猪、马、羊企业0.5万户.黑森州有2.7万户农业企业,其中2518家养奶牛,668户饲养肉牛,8957家搞种牛配种.     

A spatially-explicit count data regression for modeling the density of forest cockchafer （Melolontha hippocastani） larvae in the Hessian Ried （Germany）

Background： In this paper, a regression model for predicting the spatial distribution of forest cockchafer larvae in the Hessian Ried region （Germany） is presented. The forest cockchafer, a native biotic pest, is a major cause of damage in forests in this region particularly during the regeneration phase. The model developed in this study is based on a systematic sample inventory of forest cockchafer larvae by excavation across the Hessian Ried. These forest cockchafer larvae data were characterized by excess zeros and overdispersion. Methods： Using specific generalized additive regression models, different discrete distributions, including the Poisson, negative binomial and zero-inflated Poisson distributions, were compared. The methodology employed allowed the simultaneous estimation of non-linear model effects of causal covariates and, to account for spatial autocorrelation, of a 2-dimensional spatial trend function. In the validation of the models, both the Akaike information criterion （AIC） and more detailed graphical procedures based on randomized quantile residuals were used. Results： The negative binomial distribution was superior to the Poisson and the zero-inflated Poisson distributions, providing a near perfect fit to the data, which was proven in an extensive validation process. The causal predictors found to affect the density of larvae significantly were distance to water table and percentage of pure clay layer in the soil to a depth of I m. Model predictions showed that larva density increased with an increase in distance to the water table up to almost 4 m, after which it remained constant, and with a reduction in the percentage of pure clay layer. However this latter correlation was weak and requires further investigation. The 2-dimensional trend function indicated a strong spatial effect, and thus explained by far the highest proportion of variation in larva density. Conclusions： As such the model can be used to support forest practitioners in their decision making for regenerati     

Expression Comparisons of Pathogenesis-Related (PR) Genes in Wheat in Response to Infection/Infestation by Fusarium,Yellow dwarf virus (YDV) Aphid-Transmitted and Hessian Fly

Expression profiles of ten pathogenesis-related （PR） genes during plant defense against Fusarium, Yellow dwarf virus （YDV） aphid-transmitted and Hessian fly （Hf） were compared temporally in both resistant and susceptible genotypes following pathogen infection or insect infestation. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） revealed that PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR6, PR8, PR9, and PR15 appeared to be induced or suppressed independently in response to Fusarium, YDV aphid-transmitted or Hf during the interactions. The PR gene（s） essential to defense against one organism may play little or no role in defense against another pathogen or pest, suggesting the alternative mechanisms may be involved in different interactions of wheat- Fusarium, wheat-YDV aphid-transmitted and wheat-Hf. However, strong up- or down-regulation of PRl2 and PR14 encoding low molecular membrane acting protein, defensin and lipid transfer protein （LTP）, respectively, had been detected after either pathogen infection or insect infestation, therefore showed broad responses to pathogens and insects. It was postulated that low molecular proteins such as defensins and LTPs might play a role in the early stages of pathogenesis in the signaling process that informs plants about the attack from biotic stresses. In addition, a synergistic action between different PR genes might exist in plants to defense certain pathogens and insects on the basis of comprehensive expression profiling of various pathogenesis-related genes revealed by qRT-PCR in this study.     

法兰克福机场拒绝禽肉食品

外交部称。据德国黑森州环境部网站消息称．为防止禽流感等病毒流入德国．法兰克福机场自本月起对来自包括中国在内的19个发展中国家的航班进行“食品、动物、行李”三位一体式检查。主要针对旅客携带的禽类和肉类等食品．如猪蹄、凤爪、鱼翅等。机场行李检查处每天在早5时至晚11时期间均有检查人员实施重点查验。并有可能要求旅客书面申报是否携带有关食品。     

德国黑森州试行森林的自然保护合同

2004年9月3日，黑森州国务部长、劳巴赫城市林基金会主席与劳巴赫市长签订了承包森林自然保护的合同，将劳巴赫城市林基金会的林地根据欧洲自然保护方针、鸟类保护准则和动植物生境方针进行保护。合同约定了关于对自然环境的调查、现有近自然阔叶林的保护与促进以及进一步改进森林措施等事项。该州关于森林自然保护的框架条例为这个协作项目奠定了基础。