Composition and Structural Features of Calcium—Bound and Iron—and Aluminium—Bound Humus in Soils

Calcium-bound and iron-and aluminium-bound humus extracted from different soils collected from north to south of China were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods.Meaningful differences in the composition and structure between them were revealed by ^13 C NMR,visible spectroscopy and elemental analysis.Results showed that the contents of carbon,hydrogen and nitrogen were higher in iron-and aluminium-bound humus than in calcium-bound humus while oxygen content in calcium-bound humus was shown to be higher .The calcium-bound humus had higher C/N and O/C ratios than iron-and aluminiumbound humus.The calcium-bound humic acid(HA1) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than iron-and aluminumboud,humic acid(HA2)while iron-and aluminum-bound fulvic acid(FA2) showed higher E4/E6 ratios than calcium-bound fulvic acid(FA1).An inverse relationship between E4/E6 ratios and aromaticity as determined by 13C NMR spectra was observerd for HA and FA from black soil.The 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that HA2 was more aromatic than HA1.On the other ,FA1 exhibited a higher aromaticity than FA2.     

不同温度制备的生物质炭对土壤有机碳矿化及腐殖质组成的影响

在150～600℃范围内制备生物质炭,并通过室内培养实验研究了施加不同温度制备的生物质炭对土壤有机碳矿化及腐殖质组成的影响。结果表明,随热解温度升高,生物质炭比表面积加大,芳香化结构加深。土壤中添加不同温度制备的生物质炭培养400d后,土壤有机碳的含量都有不同程度的增加。土壤有机碳的累积矿化量随热解温度升高而降低,且添加高温(≥400℃)制备生物质炭的土壤CO2累积释放量低于未添加生物质炭的土壤处理;添加低温(<400℃)制备生物质炭增加了土壤腐植酸和胡敏酸含量,而添加高温(≥400℃)制备生物质炭的土壤其腐植酸和胡敏酸含量的变化不显著。另外,添加生物质炭后,土壤H/F皆未发生显著变化,而胡敏酸的E4/E6值则在添加200℃和250℃制备的生物质炭时显著高于其他处理,添加500℃和600℃制备的生物质炭时显著低于其他处理。     

胡萝卜高产栽培技术

<正>一、整地与施肥整地对胡萝卜的产量和质量的影响较大,要求疏松的土壤条件和充足的肥力。而胡萝卜栽培方法对地块的条件要求更高,所以选择深厚、肥沃、富含腐植质及排水良好的壤土或沙质壤土比较适宜。选好地块后进行深耕精细整地,深度在30厘米左右,深耕后可再进行旋耕,不能只进行旋耕,因为旋耕耕层太浅,不利胡萝卜生长。深耕时用甲拌磷3公斤/亩作土壤处理,同时每亩施农家肥3000公斤,磷肥50公斤,复合肥50公斤。农家肥要充分腐熟。     

黄瓜的生理特点与施肥技术

黄瓜为喜温喜湿植物,生育适温为18～32℃,适宜的空气相对湿度为70?%,土壤湿度为85%～90%.黄瓜根系浅,应选择富含有机质、透气性好的腐植质壤土栽培,土壤应为弱酸性到弱碱性.雌花在蔓上着生的节位,早熟品种在第一至第三叶,晚熟品种在第十片叶附近.开花后8～18天,果实可达商品成熟.苗期无机营养的比例对黄瓜的性别分化有显著的影响,氮素用多时,雌花分化也多.     

“华绿”腐植质水溶性肥料在番茄上的应用效果初探

为验证"华绿"腐植质水溶性肥料在蔬菜生产中的应用效果,为大面积推广提供科学依据,2011年在番茄上进行了其肥效试验。结果表明,于番茄不同生育期喷施"华绿"腐植质水溶性肥料3次,植株茎粗增加15.08%,有效绿叶数增加2张,单株结果数增加3.5个,单株果重增加0.56kg,增产率达10.22%。     

水蚯蚓坑养法

1、坑池条件.建造一个适于水生蚯蚓生活的生态环境,要求微流水、土质疏松、腐植质丰富、避光等.坑池可以新掘或利用与沟渠相通的水坑改建,面积视需要而定,3至5m2为宜,水深20至25厘米,底部用保水性好的黄土或三合土筑底,并设进排水口.一般进排水口应分开,一端进水一端排水.在引种入坑前,还要培养好底泥,最好是挖肥沃的鱼池淤泥,铺在坑底,厚10厘米,然后每平方米加入畜禽粪或农家肥7.5至10公斤,最后加入经发酵后的饼、麸、糠糟等.     

快速培植盆栽杜鹃

（1）选好基质：杜鹃喜欢酸性松毛腐植质，其有机物含量高，通气性好，同时渗水性又能加强。十分适合杜鹃生长。到五月问再换人松毛新土，对其生长发育更有利……     

细鳞斜颌鲴人工繁殖

细鳞斜颌鲴是鲴属、密鲴亚科鱼类,俗名黄板鱼.喜分散活动,生殖季节群集,以水底腐植质和硅藻,丝状藻类及高等植物碎屑为主要食物.幼鱼以轮虫和裸藻等为主食.     

腐植酸钾对黄冠梨土壤肥力的影响

研究腐植酸钾对黄冠梨土壤中腐植质、氮、磷、钾含量的影响.结果表明:腐植酸钾显著提高土壤腐植质含量和速效氮、磷、钾含量,对土壤中全量养分影响不大.腐植酸钾具有改良土壤,增加肥效作用.     

土壤水分状况对14C标记秸秆的腐解及腐殖质中碳素分布的影响

¹⁴C-tracer technique and closed incubation method were used to study straw ¹⁴C decomposition and distribution in different fractions of newly formed humus under different moisture regimes. Decomposition of straw ¹⁴C was faster during the initial days, and slower thereafter. Decay rate constants of straw ¹⁴C varied from 3.29 × 10^-3 d^-1 to 7.06 × 10^-3 d^-1. After 112 d incubation, the amount of straw ¹⁴C mineralized was 1.17~1.46 times greater in submerged soils than in upland soils. Of the soil residual ¹⁴C, 9.08%~15.73% was present in humic acid (HA) and 31.01%~37.62% in fulvic acid (FA). Submerged condition favored the formation of HA, and HA/FA ratio of newly formed humus (labelled) was greater in submerged soils than in upland soils. Clay minerals affected the distribution of straw ¹⁴C in different humus fractions. Proportion of ¹⁴C present in HA to ¹⁴C remaining in soil was greater in Vertisol than in Ultisol.