小麦4B染色体上LOX基因的等位变异及其区域分布

为了解中国不同麦区小麦种质资源籽粒脂肪氧化酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）活性相关基因TaLox-B1的差异和分布,利用小麦4B染色体上的功能标记LOX16和LOX18对7个麦区的436份种质资源进行分子检测。结果表明：在供试材料中共检测到3种TaLox-B1基因等位变异类型,分别为TaLox-B1a（与高LOX活性相关)、TaLox-B1b（与低LOX活性相关）和杂合型,其频率分别为19.0％、70.4％和10.6％。小麦LOX活性基因不同变异类型在各生态区的分布存在明显差异：基因型TaLox-B1a在黄淮冬麦区、北部冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,其比例分别为21.1%、19.8%和17.6%;基因型TaLox-B1b在西南冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,比例分别为87.9%、72.5%;杂合型仅存在于北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区与长江中下游冬麦区,比例分别为14.2%、12.4%和9.8%。利用标记LOX16和LOX18对53个自选高代品系进行分子检测,发现自选品系仅有TaLox-B1b与杂合型两种基因型,其中基因型TaLox-B1ab有32个,比例为60.4%。采用分子标记辅助选择,有利于快速鉴定小麦籽粒LOX活性,加速LOX的遗传改良和新品种选育。     

双季鲜食玉米/花生宽幅间作生态高效栽培技术

该文分析了双季鲜食玉米/花生宽幅间作生态高效栽培的意义,阐述了其栽培的技术要点,包括播前准备、播种与覆膜、田间管理、收获与晾晒、秸秆还田与残膜清除等.该技术主要适用于山东省小麦、玉米两熟轮作区及其他相似区域.     

王正非林火蔓延模型改进研究

王正非林火蔓延模型是目前国内比较先进的森林火灾蔓延模型,但是由于林火行为的复杂性,此模型在准确率和普适性方面仍存在许多不足。本文结合已有的成果进一步改进王正非模型,增加了可燃物湿度对林火蔓延速度的影响,改进了林火初始速度的计算方式。针对各种坡度对林火蔓延行为的影响给出了一个计算公式。与改进前相比,改进后的模型使其对林火蔓延情况的预估更为精准。     

规模化畜牧养殖对生态环境的破坏及防治

近年,畜牧养殖业蓬勃发展,过去的区域化散养已经基本不存在,养殖结构逐渐向集约化、一体化、规模化过渡,养殖规模也逐渐增大。养殖副产品肉、蛋、奶等极大满足了人们的生产生活,养殖中产生的尿液、粪污对生态环境造成极大影响。为促进规模化养殖实现绿色健康发展,该文分析规模化畜牧养殖对生态环境的破坏及防治措施。     

4个甜樱桃品种在德州的引种表现及设施栽培技术

对引入山东德州的4个甜樱桃品种美早、萨米脱、布鲁克斯、拉宾斯进行了日光温室栽培试验,对其性状表现进行了观察。结果表明,4个品种均表现生长良好,适应性强,结果正常,果实品质优良,可以作为德州地区日光温室的栽培品种发展。简述了4个甜樱桃品种在日光温室的栽培技术。     

安徽南陵地区土壤养分丰缺状况研究

以安徽南陵地区土壤大量养分元素为主要研究对象,通过对区内土壤样品的采集与测试,统计分析土壤氮、碱解氮、磷、有效磷、氧化钾、速效钾等的含量特征,并对其分布特征加以研究,最终开展研究区土壤养分地球化学综合等级评价.结果表明,土壤氮和碱解氮在研究区内以丰富为主,且两者相关性较好,相关系数高达0.85,可能与土地利用类型有关;磷及有效磷在区内主要表现为较缺乏-缺乏,两者相关性较差,可能与磷在土壤中的存在形式及人为活动有关;氧化钾在区内分布主要表现为较丰富-中等-较缺乏3种,呈正态分布,孤峰河两侧分布差异明显,速效钾在区内零星分布,特征不明显;区内土壤养分地球化学综合评价结果以三级(中等)土壤为主,占研究区总面积的58.45％.     

New Polyketides from the Antarctic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11

The species Pseudogymnoascus is known as a psychrophilic pathogenic fungus with a ubiquitous distribution in Antarctica. Meanwhile, the study of its secondary metabolites is infrequent. Systematic research of the metabolites of the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11, guided by the method of molecular networking, led to the isolation of one novel polyketide, pseudophenone A (1), along with six known analogs (2–7). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic investigation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Pseudophenone A (1) is a dimer of diphenyl ketone and diphenyl ether, and there is only one analog of 1 to the best of our knowledge. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antibacterial activities against a panel of strains. This is the first time to use molecular networking to study the metabolic profiles of Antarctica fungi.     

水霉属菌(Saprolegnia)分离培养技术研究

 对水霉(Saprolegnia)的分离培养技术进行了探索,筛选出大麻籽、油菜籽、红花籽、苍蝇、蚜虫、小麦粒、玉米片、茶叶、葵花仁9种材料作为诱发水霉菌的诱饵。其中油菜籽能防止腐霉菌(Pythium)污染,是初步纯化菌种、排除杂菌的适宜饵料。同时发现控制温度能使水霉在最短时间内分别产生无性或有性繁殖。在水培条件下,25℃左右适合菌丝及无性器官的发育,有性器官却不能产生,而只有在15~17℃条件下才能使水霉很快进入有性生殖阶段;在加入200mg/L链霉素的CMA培养基上促发有性阶段则需要在25℃左右的温度下进行,方能缩短培养时间。     

黄皮的生物学特性研究

通过本试验观察表明:黄皮[Clausena Lansium (Lour.)Skeels]的开花与温度有密切关系,温度高,开花过程短;温度低,开花过程长。花穗中的花轴增长速度也随温度升高而加快,花轴增长快,则花轴长,花穗大;反之,花轴增长速度慢,花轴短,花穗小。黄皮开花的顺序是从花穗基部第1—4个分枝开始,每个分枝则先从基部1—8个二次分枝首先开放。31℃是黄皮花粉萌发最适宜温度。在培养基中加入15—20％蔗糖或2.4—D,三十烷醇等生长调节物质,明显可提高黄皮花粉的萌发力。本试验对黄皮的物候期及植物学特性同时进行了研究。     

Alfalfa Phytoestrogen Content: Impact of Plant Maturity and Herbage Components

Legumes contain a range of non‐nutritional phytochemicals that may have health‐promoting effects in humans. In this study, we determined the concentrations of four phytoestrogens (coumestrol, apigenin, luteolin and quercetin) in field‐grown alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Differences between plants of different stages of maturity, between plant parts, and different canopy segments were assessed. The concentration of individual phytoestrogen in whole herbage varied between 15 and 225 μg g^?1 dry matter (DM) and was strongly affected by stage of maturity. Coumestrol and apigenin concentrations were highest at early vegetative stages, luteolin and quercetin at early vegetative and late flowering stages. All phytoestrogens were found in lowest concentrations at the early flowering stage (average 68 μg g^?1 DM); stage at which alfalfa is usually harvested when used as a forage source for animals. At vegetative stages, apigenin was the predominant phytoestrogen in herbage followed by coumestrol, the reverse being observed upon initiation of flowering; luteolin and quercetin were found at all stages in similarly lower concentrations. Concentrations of luteolin, quercetin and apigenin were 225, 410 and 690 % greater, respectively, in flowers than in leaves or stems; coumestrol concentration was similar between plant parts. In flowers and stems the predominant phytoestrogens were apigenin and quercetin, followed by coumestrol and luteolin. Similar concentrations (average 26 μg g^?1 DM) of each of the four phytoestrogens were found in leaves. Concentrations through the herbage canopy varied and were greatest at >60 cm from the soil surface for apigenin and coumestrol, but greatest at >60 and 0–20 cm for quercetin and at 0–20 cm for luteolin. The results suggest that if alfalfa is to be used as a source of phytoestrogens and is harvested for the production of herbal supplements or nutraceuticals, management will need to be adapted.