Genetic relationship of diploid wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum</Emphasis> spp.) species assessed by SSR markers

Genetic diversity of 139 accessions of diploid Triticum species including Triticum urartu, Triticum boeoticum and Triticum monococcum was studied using 11 SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers. A total of 111 alleles with an average of 10 alleles per locus were detected. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of each SSR marker ranged from 0.30 to 0.90 with an average value of 0.62. Among the three Triticum species T. urartu had the highest number of total alleles (Na?=?81), private alleles (Npa?=?15) and showed higher genetic diversity (Hex?=?0.58; PIC?=?0.54). The genotypes from Turkey exhibited the highest genetic diversity (PIC?=?0.6), while the least diversity was observed among 4 Georgian accessions (PIC?=?0.11). Cluster analysis was able to distinguish 139 wheat accessions at the species level. The highest genetic similarity (GS) was noted between T. boeticum and T. monococcum (GS?=?0.84), and the lowest between T. urartu and T. monococcum (GS?=?0.46). The grouping pattern of the PCoA analysis corresponded with cluster analysis. No significant differences were found in clustering of T. urartu and T. monococcum accessions with respect to their geographic regions, while within T. boeoticum species, accessions from Iran were somewhat associated with their geographical origin and clustered as a close and separate group. The results from our study demonstrated that SSR markers were good enough for further genetic diversity analysis in einkorn wheat species.     

Report on the 43rd Annual Meeting of the DPG-Working Group Nematology

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection -     

Soil chronosequence and biosequence on old lake sediments of the Burdur Lake in Turkey

The Burdur Lake is located in the southwest of Turkey, and its area has decreased by 40% from 211 km² in 1975 to 126 km² in 2019. In this study, we investigated how the soil has changed in the lacustrine material. Three soil profiles were sampled from the former lakebed (chronosequence profiles: P1, 2007; P2, 1994; and P3, 1975), and three soil profiles under different land use types (biosequence profiles: P4, native forest vegetation; P5, agriculture; and P6, lakebed) were sampled. The chronosequence and biosequence soil profiles represented various distances from the Burdur Lake and showed different stages of lacustrine evolution. Soil electrical conductivity (EC; 18.1 to 0.4 dS m_-1), exchangeable Na⁺ (34.7 to 1.4 cmol kg^-1) and K⁺ (0.61 to 0.56 cmol kg^-1), and water-soluble Cl^- (70.3 to 2.1 cmol L^-1) and SO₄^2- (275.9 to 25.0 cmol L^-1) decreased with increasing distance from the Burdur Lake, whereas the A horizon thickness (10 to 48 cm), structure formation (0 to 48 cm), gleization-oxidation depth (0 to 79 cm), and montmorillonite and organic matter (OM; 25.9 to 46.0 g kg^-1) contents increased in the chronosequence soil profiles. The formation of P3 in the chronosequence and P5 in the biosequence soil profiles increased due to longer exposure to pedogenic processes (time, land use, vegetation, etc.). Changes in EC, exchangeable cation (Na⁺ and K⁺) and water-soluble anion (Cl^- and SO₄^2-) concentrations of the salt-enriched horizon, OM, gleization-oxidation depth, A horizon thickness, and structure formation of the chronosequence and biosequence soil profiles (especially the topsoil horizon) were highly related to the distance from the Burdur Lake, time, and land use.     

Salt-affected soils,reclamation, carbon dynamics,and biochar: a review

Purpose

This paper reviews chemical, physical, and biological problems of salt-affected soils and different reclamation methods applied to rehabilitate these soils.

Methods

Methods to increase C stocks in these lands are discussed with a focus on biochar application as a potential new approach to not only to increase the C content but also to improve soil properties. Gaps in research knowledge in this field are then identified.

Results

Given the concern on the continued worldwide expansion of salt-affected lands and the focus on C sequestration processes, this review has evaluated current knowledge on salt-affected soils and their remediation with organic materials and plants. The review of the published literature has highlighted important gaps in knowledge, which limit our current understanding of rehabilitation of salt-affected soils with organic amendments specially biochar and the associated carbon dynamic. Knowledge about application of biochar in salt-affected soils is scant, and to date, most studies have evaluated biochar use only in nonsalt-affected soils.

     

Prediction of the fabric’s crease recovery property with Taguchi design of experiment

The creasing characteristic of fabrics is affected by many factors like yarn twist, fabric density, fabric constructions, fabric thickness apart from the fiber type. In the first part of this study, the effect of yarn fineness, yarn twist, fabric tightness and weave construction factors on crease recovery was studied. In the second part of the study, in order to improve the creasing recovery of the fabrics, shape memory alloy (SMA) wires were used and the effect of shape memory alloy (SMA) wire on the crease recovery of cotton fabrics produced with different types of weave constructions were determined. Due to the high cost of SMA wire and the weaving operation adversity the two experimental plans were designed according to Taguchi design of experiment (TDOE). From the analysis of the first part, it was found that the yarn linear density had the greatest effect on fabric crease recovery compare to others. Twist coefficient was the second, weft density was third and the weave construction had the least significant effect on the crease recovery. The fabrics produced with coarser and low twisted yarns with high tightness and longer floats in the weave construction have higher crease recovery property. In the second part of the study, the application of the SMA wire significantly increased the crease recovery angle of the fabrics. The thickness of the SMA wire is very important and the effect depends on the wire thickness. The increase of the SMA wire thickness increases the crease recovery significantly. However it must be appropriate with the yarn and fabric properties. The distance between the SMA wire distances was expected to increase the crease recovery however the effect was found not significant. The fabrics produced with coarser yarns with longer floats in the weave construction have higher crease recovery property. However, statistically the effects of these parameters were found not significant due to the dominant effect of the wire thickness.     

Diversity analysis of Central Asia and Caucasian lentil (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lens</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">culinaris</Emphasis> Medik.) germplasm using SSR fingerprinting

Diversity analysis was performed among 39 cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) accessions of Central Asia and Caucasian origin using five highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of 33 alleles determined ranging from 3 to 8 per locus. Estimated gene diversity value for 33 loci was 0.66. Genetic similarity indices among 39 accessions ranged from 0.24 to 1.0. Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean method classified accessions into six major groups at 0.5 similarity coefficient. More than half accessions from Tajikistan formed large cluster. On the other hand, a few accessions from each country showed unique genotypes. Overall, most of the accessions, except ones with closely related origin, were distinguished by the present high quality DNA fingerprinting. This molecular diversity information gives important basis for conservation strategy in gene bank and exotic germplasm introduction in breeding programs in Central Asia and Caucasian countries.     

Flavonoids of Helichrysum compactum and their antioxidant and antibacterial activity

From the capitula of Helichrysum compactum, the flavonoids apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-4',7-di-O-glucoside and from the leafy stems apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were isolated. Extracts of the capitula of H. compactum show antioxidant activity by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and also show antibacterial activity.     

Comparative Analysis of MLR,ANN, and ANFIS Models for Prediction of Field Capacity and Permanent Wilting Point for Bafra Plain Soils

ABSTRACT

Soil hydraulic parameters like moisture content at field capacity and permanent wilting point constitute significant input parameters of various biophysical models and agricultural practices (irrigation timing and amount of irrigation to be applied). In this study, the performance of three different methods (Multiple linear regression – MLR, Artificial Neural Network – ANN and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System – ANFIS) with different input parameters in prediction of field capacity and permanent wilting point from easily obtained soil characteristics were compared. Correlation analysis indicated that clay content, sand content, cation exchange capacity, CaCO₃, and organic matter had significant correlations with FC and PWP (p < .01). Validation results revealed that the ANN model with the greatest R² and the lowest MAE and RMSE value exhibited better performance for prediction of FC and PWP than the MLR and ANFIS models. ANN model had R² = 0.83, MAE = 2.36% and RMSE = 3.30% for FC and R² = 0.81, MAE = 2.15%, RMSE = 2.89% for PWP in training dataset; R² = 0.80, MAE = 2.27%, RMSE = 3.12% for FC and R² = 0.83, MAE = 1.84%, RMSE = 2.40% for PWP in testing dataset. Also, Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithm exhibited better performance for both FC and PWP than the other training algorithms.     

Changes in Metallic Cation Accumulation in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Affected by Boron and Potassium

The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of boron (B) and potassium (K) on metallic cation accumulation, membrane permeability (MP) and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Four levels of B (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg^?1) and two levels of K (0 and 200 mg kg^?1) were applied. B treatments, with or without K, enhanced the MP of leaves and the concentration of metallic cations except for manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentration as well B concentration. B uptake increased linearly with increasing B treatments. Metallic cation uptakes decreased at the highest B level. Excess B decreased the shoot and root biomass with and without K supply; however, K partially improved the detrimental effect of toxic B on plant growth. It was concluded that supplying K to growth media can be beneficial for alleviating plant growth reduction and imbalances of metallic cations accumulation caused by excess B.