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排序方式: 共有192条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Leslie Boerner Kathleen R Nevis Lynn S Hinckley E Scott Weber Salvatore Frasca 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(2):145-149
On June 25, 2002, aquarium veterinarians treated a 5-year-old, male little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor) that was acutely recumbent and dull, with inappetence of 24-hour duration. The penguin died within 10 minutes of presentation despite emergency resuscitation efforts. Gross pathologic findings consisted of pulmonary congestion and intestinal hemorrhage. Histopathologic findings included necrosis of tips of intestinal villi, increased numbers of mononuclear cells in pulmonary interstitium and hepatic sinusoids, and gram-positive bacteria in systemic microvasculature. Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed short gram-positive bacilli located in lumina of glomerular capillaries and in cytoplasm of mononuclear phagocytic cells in the lung and liver. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was recovered from the lung, liver, and intestine by bacteriologic culture. Amplicons from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests using Erysipelothrix genus-specific primers and total genomic DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of lung and intestine demonstrated 99% nucleotide sequence identity with 16S small-subunit ribosomal DNA of E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum. The source of infection was speculated to be fish in the diet; however, repeated attempts to detect Erysipelothrix spp. from the mucous layer of food fish using bacteriologic culture and PCR were unsuccessful. This is the first report of erysipelas in a captive aquatic bird. Details of the isolation of E. rhusiopathiae and the application of molecular testing to identify Erysipelothrix DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections are given. 相似文献
2.
Joaquin Araos Luca Lacitignola Claudia Acquafredda Caterina DiBella Marzia Stabile Erica Guacci Robin Gleed Salvatore Grasso Antonio Crovace Francesco Staffieri 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(4):484-492
ObjectiveTo determine the specific lung elastance (SEL) in anesthetized dogs and to evaluate the efficacy of a SEL-based recruiting airway pressure (RPaw) at improving global and regional lung aeration.Study designRetrospective and prospective clinical study.AnimalsA total of 28 adult dogs were included in the retrospective study and six adult dogs in the prospective study.MethodsRetrospective study: SEL and SEL-based RPaw were determined using previously published data. In mechanically ventilated dogs undergoing thoracic computed tomography (CT), SEL was calculated as ΔPL/(VT/EELV), where ΔPL is the driving transpulmonary pressure, VT is the tidal volume and EELV is the end-expiratory lung volume. The ratio of lung to respiratory system elastance (EL/Ers) was determined. SEL and EL/Ers were used to calculate the SEL-based RPaw. Prospective study: dogs underwent thoracic CT at end-expiration and at end-inspiration using the SEL-based RPaw, and global and regional aeration was determined. For analysis of regional aeration, lungs were divided into cranial, intermediate and caudal regions. Regional compliance was also calculated. A p value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe SEL and EL/Ers were 12.7 ± 3.1 cmH2O and 0.54 ± 0.07, respectively. The SEL-based RPaw was 29.1 ± 7.6 cmH2O. In the prospective study, the RPaw was 28.2 ± 1.3 cmH2O. During RPaw, hyperinflation increased (p = 0.0003) whereas poorly aerated (p < 0.0001) and nonaerated (p = 0.01) tissue decreased. Normally aerated tissue did not change (p = 0.265). Regional compliance was higher in the intermediate (p = 0.0003) and caudal (p = 0.034) regions compared with the cranial region. Aeration did not differ between regions (p > 0.05).Conclusions and clinical relevanceAn SEL-based RPaw reduces poorly and nonaerated lung tissue in anesthetized dogs. In nonsurgical anesthetized dogs, an RPaw near 30 cmH2O is effective at improving lung aeration. 相似文献
3.
Residue level, persistence, and storage performance of citrus fruit treated with fludioxonil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Schirra M D'Aquino S Palma A Marceddu S Angioni A Cabras P Scherm B Migheli Q 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(17):6718-6724
The potential of postharvest dip treatments with fludioxonil (FLU) (a synthetic analogue of the bacterial metabolite of pyrrolnitrin), in controlling postharvest decay caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum of citrus fruit was investigated in comparison with the conventional fungicide imazalil (IMZ). The ultrastructural changes of fruit epicuticular wax was investigated as a function of water dip temperature, and the possible role of these changes was related to residue accumulation under FLU treatment. Residues retained by fruit were determined as a function of fungicide concentration, dip temperature, and fruit storage conditions. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that fruit dipping in water at 30 or 40 degrees C did not cause differences in cuticular wax's ultrastructure in comparison to control fruit, while treatments at 50, 55, or 60 degrees C caused the disappearance of wax platelets, resulting in relatively homogeneous skin surface, due to partial "melting" of epicuticular wax. Residues of FLU in fruit treated at 20 or 50 degrees C were significantly correlated with the doses of fungicide applied. When equal amounts of fungicide were employed, the residue concentrations were notably higher (from 2.6- to 4-fold) in fruit treated at 50 degrees C than in fruit treated at 20 degrees C. The dissipation rate of FLU in "Salustiana" and "Tarocco" oranges was lower in fruit subjected to treatment at 50 degrees C. The minimal FLU concentration for almost complete decay control in artificially wounded fruit during 7-d storage at 20 degrees C was 400 mg/L active ingredient (ai) in fruit treated at 20 degrees C and 100 mg/L ai in fruit treated at 50 degrees C. Results on nonwounded Tarocco oranges subjected to 3 weeks of simulated quarantine conditions at 1 degrees C, plus 6 weeks of standard storage at 8 degrees C and an additional two weeks of simulated marketing period (SMP) at 20 degrees C revealed that almost complete decay control with FLU applications of 100 mg/L at 50 degrees C and 400 mg/L at 20 degrees C resulted in ca. 0.8 mg/kg FLU fruit residues, in agreement with results on wounded citrus fruit. When equal concentrations and temperatures were applied, FLU treatments were as effective as IMZ. In vitro trials showed a low sensitivity to FLU against P. digitatum and P. italicum isolates. MIC values for the complete inhibition of mycelium growth were >or=100 microg/mL, while ED(50) values ranged from 0.1 to 1 microg/mL for P. digitatum and from 1 to >100 microg/mL for P. italicum. The latter result suggests that care should be taken to avoid exclusive application of FLU in a sustainable program for management of fruit decay. However, integrating fungicide application and hot water dip may reduce the possibility of selecting fungicide-resistant populations of the pathogen, by increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. 相似文献
4.
Anna Capaldo Flaminia Gay Massimo Maddaloni Salvatore Valiante Maria De Falco Mauro Lenzi Vincenza Laforgia 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(5):2137-2143
The presence of illicit drugs and their metabolites in surface waters has to be considered a new type of hazard, still unknown, for the aquatic ecosystem, due to the potent pharmacological activities of all the illicit drugs. Our research was therefore aimed at evaluating the impact of illicit drugs on the aquatic fauna, till now still undervalued. To this aim, we verified the ability of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla), a well-known biomonitor of environmental contamination, to bioaccumulate cocaine, one of the most abundant illicit drugs found in surface waters. Silver eels were exposed to a nominal cocaine concentration of 20?ng/l for 1?month; at the same time, control, carrier, and post-exposure recovery groups were made. Brains, gills, liver, kidney, muscle, gonads, spleen, digestive tract, and sections of dorsal skin were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Cocaine was found in the tissues of the treated eels and, at low concentrations, in almost all tissues of post-exposure recovery eels. These results indicate that cocaine is able to accumulate into the eel tissues; its presence suggests potential risks for eels since cocaine could affect their physiology and contribute to their decline, and for humans consuming contaminated fish. 相似文献
5.
6.
Staffieri F De Monte V De Marzo C Grasso S Crovace A 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(6):483-490
ObjectiveTo compare the effects of two fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (0.4 and 1) on lung aeration and gas exchange during general anaesthesia in cats.Study designRandomized, blinded, controlled study.AnimalsThirty healthy, mixed breed, client owned female cats.Materials and methodsCats were premedicated intramuscularly with acepromazine (0.03 mg kg?1) and medetomidine (0.015 mg kg?1). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (5 mg kg?1) and, after orotracheal intubation, maintained with isoflurane carried by either 100% oxygen (G100, n = 15) or an oxygen-air mixture with 40% oxygen (G40, n = 15). All cats were placed in dorsal recumbency and breathed spontaneously throughout the entire procedure. Following surgery (ovariectomy), a spiral computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was performed, arterial oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) tensions were measured and alveolar-arterial gradient of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] calculated. The CT images were analysed for lung aeration by the analysis of radiograph attenuations (Hounsfield units, HU), according to the following classification: hyperinflated area (-1000 to -900 HU), normally aerated area (-900 to -500 HU), poorly aerated area (-500 to -100 HU) and non-aerated area (-100 to +100 HU). The groups were compared using one-way anova.ResultsCompared to G100, the normally-aerated lung area was significantly greater and the poorly-aerated and non-aerated areas were significantly smaller in G40. PaCO2 was similar in both groups. PaO2 and P(A-a)O2 were significantly higher in G100. In both groups, pulmonary atelectasis developed preferentially in the caudal lung fields.ConclusionIn cats anaesthetised with isoflurane, the administration of an FiO2 of >0.9 significantly impaired lung aeration and gas exchange as compared to an FiO2 of 0.4.Clinical relevanceAn FiO2 of 0.4 may better preserve lung aeration and gas exchange in anaesthetised spontaneously breathing cats but monitoring is essential to ensure oxygenation is adequate. 相似文献
7.
Alessandra Torina Victoria Naranjo Maria Grazia Pennisi Tatiana Patania Fabrizio Vitale Pietro Laricchiuta Angelina Alongi Salvatore Scimeca Katherine M Kocan José de la Fuente 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(4):591-593
Lions (Panthera leo) are an endangered species threatened by illegal hunting, habitat loss, and infectious diseases. Little is known about the tick-borne pathogens that infect lions and could contribute to population declines. The objective of this study was to characterize Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Coxiella burnetii infections in 10 lions from the Fasano Safari Park in Italy by serology, polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis. Although animals did not show clinical signs of tick-borne diseases, evidence of infection with C. burnetii, spotted fever group Rickettsia sp., and A. phagocytophilum were found in 50%, 20%, and 10% of the lions, respectively. One of the lions tested positive for all three pathogens. This study is the first report of molecular evidence of infection with C. burnetii, Rickettsia sp., and A. phagocytophilum in lions and provides evidence that these felids become infected and serve as hosts for tick-transmitted bacteria. 相似文献
8.
Haitham Sayed Hamed Kayyal Luke Ramsey Salvatore Ceccarelli Michael Baum 《Euphytica》2002,125(2):265-272
A total of 147 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (including86 barley and 61 wheat microsatellite markers) were tested for
their segregation in a doubled haploid (DH) and an F2 population of barley. The DH population consisted of 71 doubled haploid lines, developed from F1 plants of a cross between Tadmor and WI2291using isolated microspore culture technique. A genetic linkage map consisting
of 43 microsatellite markers was constructed using the DH population. Particularly on chromosome 4H microsatellite markers
showed distorted segregation ratios. Segregation of DH lines based on molecular markers were compared with segregation of
92 F2 lines from the same cross. The proportion of loci deviating from the expected monogenic segregation ratios in the DH population
was significantly higher (19/43loci, 44%) than in the F2 population (7/43 loci, 16%). The deviation was biased towards the WI2291 parent alleles. In line with this observation, WI2291
was found to perform better than Tadmor in regenerating green plantlets with the isolated microspore-culture technique.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Enhanced iron reduction by iron supplement: A strategy to reduce methane emission from paddies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As an option for mitigating methane emissions from rice paddies the effects of ferrihydrite application to an experimental field plot at the beginning of the growth season was studied. Methane emissions during the vegetation period of rice were significantly lower (50%) in the fertilized plot compared to the non-supplemented control plot. Although toxic effects of iron are known to occur with wetland plants including rice, our field experiment showed no deterioration of agrophysiological data. Grain yield, harvest index, and iron content of grains were not different in the two plots. Therefore, we propose that iron application is a suitable strategy to reduce methane emission from rice paddies. 相似文献
10.
S. berthaulltii Hawkes, a wild potato species, possesses two types of glandular trichomes on its leaf surface: types A and B wich confer
resistance to insects. Preliminary results indicated that the presence of glandular trichomes also confers resistance to Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. In this paper we report the evaluation of trichome characteristics (density and exudate
activities) performed on 8 lines of potato, including the control varieties Desirée and Tropicana, 5 hybrid lines derived
from intercrosses and backcrosses between S. tuberosum and S. berthaultii and one accession of S. berthaultii. Whole plants of the 8 genotypes were inoculated with a spore suspension of Phytophthora infestans in order to evaluate their resistance to late blight. The resultant disease incidence correlated negatively with type A trichome
density and with polyphenol-oxidase (PPO) activity of type A trichome glands. The removal of type B trichomes exudate by leaf
dipping in ethanol did not influence the disease development after artificial inoculation of detached leaves. Type B trichome
exudate was extracted and the fraction corresponding to Fatty Acids Sucrose Esters (FASE) was recovered after Thin Layer Chromatography
and tested on the fungal mycelium in vitro. The FASE exhibited a slight inhibitory effect on mycelium growth. The results of the experiments are discussed, and several
hypotheses regarding the possible role of types A and B trichomes are formulated.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献