The fate of fluroxypyr in the soil in an oil palm agroecosystem

A study on the fate of fluroxypyr in Malaysian agricultural soils was carried out under natural conditions in an oil palm plantation. Three experimental plots in the oil palm estate were selected and three types of treatments were administered, namely fluroxypyr at the recommended dosage, double the recommended rate, and the untreated control. Residues of fluroxypyr in the soil, water, and oil palm leaf were monitored at regular intervals up to 90 days after treatment (DAT). The recovery of fluroxypyr in the water and soil samples ranged from 91–102% when fortified at 1–25 p.p.b. and 91–98% when fortified at 4–50 p.p.b. The recovery from the oil palm leaf ranged from 76–114% when the oil palm leaf sample was fortified at 0.05–1.0 p.p.m. The results showed that fluroxypyr leached down to 50 cm depth at 1 DAT when the plots were treated with either dosage. However, fluroxypyr was not detected in the soil residue at 14 and 21 DAT. Fluroxypyr was not detected in the oil palm leaf samples irrespective of the rates of herbicide application or sampling intervals. The residue of fluroxypyr was detected in water from a nearby stream up to 5 DAT at levels ranging from 0.06–0.21 µg L⁻¹. This result suggests that fluroxypyr persists for a short period in the soil and water ecosystems, but not in the oil palm leaf.     

Expression of DNA repair gene ERCC1 and its relationship with PAH-DNA adducts in lung cancer tissues

AIM: To investigate the expression of nucleotide excision repair gene ERCC1 and its relationship with PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)-DNA adducts in lung cancer tissues. METHODS: ERCC1 mRNA expression and the PAH-induced DNA adducts were detected in 150 lung cancer tissues, 120 adjacent lung tissues without cancer cells, 40 benign lung lesions and 40 normal lung tissues. The effects of some exposure factors on the expression of ERCC1 gene and the connection between ERCC1 and PAH-DNA adduct was analyzed. RESULTS: Reduced expression levels of ERCC1 were observed in 46 of 150 (30.7%) lung cancer specimens and 1 of 40 (2.5%) normal lung tissues. Smoking may suppress the expression of ERCC1 gene. The level of PAH-DNA adduct was negatively correlated with the expression of ERCC1 gene, the Spearman coefficient was -0.648, P<0.01. CONCLUSION: ERCC1 is an important nucleotide excision repair gene and may participate in the repair of DNA damage, such as PAH-DNA adduct. Low expression of ERCC1 may play an important role in the development of human lung cancer.     

新疆乌昌地区热量资源精细化时空变化分析

利用新疆乌鲁木齐市和昌吉回族自治州16个气象站1961-2009年的逐日平均气温和最低气温资料,使用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检测以及基于ArcGIS的三维二次趋势面宏观地理因子模拟与反距离加权残差订正相结合的方法对农业气候热量要素的变化趋势、突变特性、各热量要素多年平均值及其突变前后变化量的精细化空间分布进行研究。结果表明：乌昌地区热量资源具有显著的区域性差异,年平均气温、7月平均气温、无霜冻期、≥0℃和≥10℃活动积温在空间分布上均表现为＂平原高于山区、北部高于南部＂的格局。受冬季逆温的影响,在山前倾斜平原至中山带,1月平均气温较北部平原和高山带高,而冬季负积温较北部平原和高山带少。在全球变暖背景下,近49a,乌昌地区年平均气温、1月和7月平均气温、≥0℃和≥10℃活动积温以及无霜冻期均有不同程度的升高或增多趋势,并于1973-2004年间先后发生了突变性的升高或增多,冬季负积温呈显著的减少趋势,并于1988年发生了突变性的减少,热量资源总体呈较明显的增多趋势。但各地热量资源的变化具有显著的区域性差异,突变后较突变前各热量要素增加量的空间分布总体表现为＂平原多于山区,城市密集区多于周边地区＂的分布格局。     

广西某铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属污染特征及修复策略

为了解铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属分布特征及探究污染农田的修复措施,以广西某铅锌矿影响区为研究对象,分别采集影响区自然土壤和农田耕作层土壤样品41个和277个,同时分别采集62个蔬菜和35个粮食样品,分析重金属含量。结果表明,铅锌矿影响区耕作层土壤As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr含量范围分别为4.50~104.8、0.031~36.26、24.80~2989、16.90~251.6、79.90~11 500和24.0~222.0 mg·kg~(-1);与土壤基线值相比,6种重金属的超标率分别为1.4%、91.7%、60%、60%、60%和0。与《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2017)中限值相比,大米样本As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为93%、86%、64%,玉米样本Pb、Cd含量超标率为100%、100%,叶菜类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为50%、100%、60%,根茎类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为23%、100%和100%,瓜果类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为14%、96%和100%。通过分析土壤和农产品重金属超标情况,确定As、Pb、Cd为优先控制的重金属,依据研究区土壤重金属污染空间分布特性,划为3个分区:轻度污染区(Cd污染区),建议采取活化剂+植物萃取去除污染物;中度污染区则采用钝化剂与低积累农作物结合的方式;重度污染区则不宜种植进入食物链的农作物,建议采取施加活化剂与种植超富集植物结合的方式降低土壤重金属含量。     

王爱华教授辨治溃疡性结肠炎经验

湖南省名中医王爱华教授认为脾胃气虚为溃疡性结肠炎的发病之本,湿热为致病之标,热毒为下血之因,血瘀为局部病理变化,肠疡为局部病理表现,日久则病及于肾,脾肾双亏,提出健脾助运是根本、调气和血辅其治、清热化湿贯其中的治疗方法。     

桔小实蝇P450基因CYP6A41的克隆与表达分析

【目的】克隆桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)P450基因,研究其在不同组织及发育时期的表达情况,探索其可能存在的生理功能。【方法】采用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)技术,克隆桔小实蝇P450基因CYP6A41;采用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time PCR）方法,研究CYP6A41mRNA在桔小实蝇不同组织及不同发育时期的相对表达量。采用Homology程序模拟构建CYP6A41蛋白的三维结构,应用CDOCK程序将之与甲酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、甲基丁香酚3种气味分子进行模拟对接分析。【结果】克隆获得了桔小实蝇P450基因,并命名为CYP6A41。CYP6A41阅读框全长1 530 bp,编码509个氨基酸,该蛋白序列与桔小实蝇的另外一种P450蛋白CYP4D46序列的一致性最高,达99.2%。荧光定量PCR分析表明,CYP6A41在桔小实蝇不同发育时期都有表达,并且在化蛹第1天表达量达到最高峰;CYP6A41在各组织中也都有表达,但以触角中的表达量最高;雄虫生殖节中的表达量约是雌虫的6.8倍;对接结果表明,CYP6A41蛋白与3种小分子化合物均能形成稳定的复合物。【结论】CYP6A41在桔小实蝇雌雄生殖节中的差异表达,暗示该蛋白在雄虫生殖生理过程中发挥作用;CYP6A41在化蛹第1天及触角中的高表达量暗示CYP6A41不仅参与了蛹早期的发育过程,且可能参与了嗅觉气味分子的降解过程。     

A serious disease of seedling rambutan caused by Pseudocercospora nephelii sp. nov.

Pseudocercospora nephelii is described from necrotic lesions on leaves of Nephelium lappaceum seedlings in Brunei, sometimes causing complete defoliation and death. The pathogen also occurs in Sabah and Selangor in Malaysia. Recommendations for control include treatment with mancozeb or benomyl.     

Less hazardous alternative herbicides to control weeds in immature oil palm

In 2002, the Malaysian government had banned the use of the hazardous herbicide, paraquat. Most growers perceive that paraquat is the most effective herbicide and provides the fastest mode of action to control weeds. An experiment was conducted at MAB Agriculture-Horticulture, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia, from February 2004 to February 2005 to evaluate the efficacy and ability of the less hazardous herbicides, glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate, as an alternative to the hazardous herbicide, paraquat, in controlling weeds in immature oil palm (<3 years old). The results showed that paraquat needed high rates, 600 and 800 g ha⁻¹, to control weeds effectively. However, lower rates of glufosinate ammonium (200 g ha⁻¹) and glyphosate (400 g ha⁻¹) gave excellent weed control. The results showed that the efficacy of glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate were much better than paraquat. The results also showed that, with no direct contact with the plants, paraquat, glufosinate ammonium, and glyphosate had no adverse effect on the vegetative and generative growth of oil palm in this study. These results proved that the less hazardous herbicides, glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate, could be used as an alternative to paraquat to control weeds in immature oil palm.     

桃金娘造林技术研究

对桃金娘移植造林技术进行了试验研究。移栽成活率达95．6％。试验结果表明，桃金娘不仅是优良的乡土绿化树种，而且还是耐瘠薄干旱的荒山绿化美化和水土保持树种。