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2.
Rahul Tripathi A. K. Nayak R. Raja Mohammad Shahid S. Mohanty B. Lal 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(10):1154-1166
Proper doses of nitrogenous fertilizer are most important for rice production system because a large part of the nitrogen may be lost if it is not applied judiciously. A study was conducted covering five blocks of Balasore and two blocks of Bhadrak districts. Soil samples were collected randomly, and field visit was conducted during peak vegetative stage of rice. Two approaches have been used in this study for estimating the site-specific nitrogen (N) requirement in the study area. In one approach, geostatisical analysis and kriging was used to develop the soil test–based N recommendation map by which a minimum of 72 kg N ha?1 and maximum of 94 kg N ha?1 were recommended. In a second approach, remote sensing was used and N recommendation map was developed using the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) satellite data, and a minimum requirement of 60 kg N ha?1 and maximum of 120 kg N ha?1 was estimated through this approach. 相似文献
3.
Sami Saidi Marie-Pierre Belleville André Deratani Raja Ben Amar 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):251-264
ABSTRACTA protein hydrolysate was prepared from proteins of tuna dark muscle by-product. The hydrolysis conditions (time, temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration) using Alcalase was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The regression coefficient close to 1.0, observed during experimental and validation runs, indicated the validity of the model. The hydrolysate produced under the optimum conditions determined by RSM has a low rate of peptide fraction of molecular weight of 4–1 kDa. Meanwhile, the results obtained by hydrolysis under optimal conditions determined by a complementary study (temperature 55°C, time 60 min, 1% enzyme concentration, and pH 8.5) show that the hydrolysate produced has a height rate of the peptide fraction of molecular weight of 4–1 kDa. The amino acid composition of the protein hydrolysate prepared proved to have the potential for application as an ingredient in balanced fish diets and as a source of nitrogen in microbial growth media. 相似文献
4.
Khemiss F Ahmadi S Massoudi R Ghoul-Mazgar S Safta S Moshtaghie AA Saïdane D 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(3):541-549
The everted gut sac technique has been used to investigate the effect of Vibrio vulnificus on water and electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl−, HCO3
−) transport on the intestine of sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Both the anterior and the posterior intestine were incubated in a medium containing 108
V. vulnificus cells ml−1 at 25°C for 2 h. The presence of V. vulnificus resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of water absorption in the anterior intestine, while sodium absorption in the anterior (P < 0.01) and posterior (P < 0.05) intestine was elevated. Chloride absorption was increased, but the changed was not significant, while potassium absorption
decreased significantly (P < 0.05), but only in the posterior intestine. Incubation the sea bream intestine with V. vulnificus did not affect carbonate secretion in the anterior segment, whereas high secretion was stimulated in the posterior segment
(P < 0.01). Histological evaluations demonstrated damage in the anterior intestine of sea bream that was characterized by the
detachment of degenerative enterocytes, alterations in the microvilli, and the presence of a heterogenous cell population,
indicating inflammation. Based on our results, we conclude that V. vulnificus caused cell damage to the intestine of sea bream and that the anterior intestine is more susceptible than the posterior part
of the intestine. Several hypotheses are suggested to explain our observations, such as the presence of higher numbers of
villosities in the anterior intestine than in the posterior one and/or the presence of endogenous bacteria in the posterior
intestine which may have a protector role. 相似文献
5.
Successful fruit set depends on several reproductive processes including pollen germination and tube growth processes. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of temperature on pollen germination characteristics and to identify species/genotypic differences in Capsicum using the cumulative temperature response index (CTRI) concept. Pollen was collected from plants of seven genotypes from five Capsicum species, adapted to various parts of the world and grown outdoors in large pots. The pollen was subjected to in vitro temperatures ranging from 15 to 50 °C at 5 °C intervals. Pollen germination and tube lengths were recorded for all species after 24 h of incubation at the respective treatments. Species/genotypes differed significantly for in vitro pollen germination percentage and pollen tube length with mean values of 78% and 734 μm, respectively. The mean cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt, and Tmax) averaged over genotypes, were 15.2, 30.7, and 41.8 °C for pollen germination and 12.2, 31.2, and 40.4 °C for pollen tube growth. The CTRI of each species/genotype calculated as the sum of eight relative individual stress response values, such as maximum pollen germination, maximum pollen tube length; Tmin, Topt, and Tmax temperatures of pollen germination, and pollen tube lengths, identified species tolerance to high temperatures. Capsicum annum cv. Mex Serrano from Mexico was identified as tolerant, C. chacoense cv. 1312 and C. spp. cv. Cobanero from Argentina and Guatemala, respectively as intermediate and C. frutescens cv. Early Spring Giant from China, C. annum cv. Long Green from South Korea, C. spp. cv. NM89C130 and C. pubescens cv. 90002 from Guatemala as sensitive to high temperatures. The tolerant species/genotypes can be used in breeding programs to develop new genotypes that can withstand high temperature conditions both in the present climate and particularly in a future warmer climate. 相似文献
6.
Chu-Hui Chiang Chun-Yee Lee Ching-Hsien Wang Fuh-Jyh Jan Shih-Shun Lin Tsung-Chi Chen Joseph A. J. Raja Shyi-Dong Yeh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(4):333-348
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) HA 5-1, a nitrous acid-induced mild mutant of severe strain HA, widely applied for control of PRSV by cross-protection,
was used to study the genetic basis of attenuation. Using infectious clones, a series of recombinants was generated between
HA 5-1 and HA and their infectivity was analyzed on the systemic host papaya and the local lesion host Chenopodium quinoa. The recombinants that contained mutations in P1 and HC-Pro genes caused attenuated infection on papaya without conspicuous
symptoms, similar to HA 5-1. The recombination and sequence analyses strongly implicated two amino acid changes in the C-terminal
region of P1 and two in HC-Pro of HA 5-1 involved in the attenuated infection on papaya. The recombinants that infected C. quinoa plants without local lesions contained the same mutations in the C-terminal region of HC-Pro for attenuated infection on
papaya. We conclude that both P1 and HC-Pro bear important pathogenicity determinants for the infection on the systemic host
papaya and that the mutations in HC-Pro affecting pathogenicity on papaya are also responsible for the inability to induce
hypersensitive reaction on C. quinoa. 相似文献
7.
Sarah A Reed Joseline S Raja Maria L Hoffman Steven A Zinn Kristen E Govoni 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):43
Background
Maternal over and restricted nutrition has negative consequences on the muscle of offspring by reducing muscle fiber number and altering regulators of muscle growth. To determine if over and restricted maternal nutrition affected muscle growth and gene and protein expression in offspring, 36 pregnant ewes were fed 60%, 100% or 140% of National Research Council requirements from d 31 ± 1.3 of gestation until parturition. Lambs from control-fed (CON), restricted-fed (RES) or over-fed (OVER) ewes were necropsied within 1 d of birth (n = 18) or maintained on a control diet for 3 mo (n = 15). Semitendinosus muscle was collected for immunohistochemistry, and protein and gene expression analysis.Results
Compared with CON, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) increased in RES (58%) and OVER (47%) lambs at 1 d of age (P < 0.01); however at 3 mo, CSA decreased 15% and 17% compared with CON, respectively (P < 0.01). Compared with CON, muscle lipid content was increased in OVER (212.4%) and RES (92.5%) at d 1 (P < 0.0001). Muscle lipid content was increased 36.1% in OVER and decreased 23.6% in RES compared with CON at 3 mo (P < 0.0001). At d 1, myostatin mRNA abundance in whole muscle tended to be greater in OVER (P = 0.07) than CON. Follistatin mRNA abundance increased in OVER (P = 0.04) and tended to increase in RES (P = 0.06) compared with CON at d 1. However, there was no difference in myostatin or follistatin protein expression (P > 0.3). Phosphorylated Akt (ser473) was increased in RES at 3 mo compared with CON (P = 0.006).Conclusions
In conclusion, maternal over and restricted nutrient intake alters muscle lipid content and growth of offspring, possibly through altered gene and protein expression. 相似文献8.
9.
D Priya NL Selokar AK Raja M Saini AA Sahare N Nala P Palta MS Chauhan RS Manik SK Singla 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(2):343-351
The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing wild buffalo embryos by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) through handmade cloning using wild buffalo somatic cells and domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes. Somatic cells derived from the ear skin of wild buffalo were found to express vimentin but not keratin and cytokeratin‐18, indicating that they were of fibroblast origin. The population doubling time of skin fibroblasts from wild buffalo was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, and the cell proliferation rate was significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared with that of skin fibroblasts from domestic buffalo. Neither the cleavage (92.6 ± 2.0% vs 92.8 ± 2.0%) nor the blastocyst rate (42.4 ± 2.4% vs 38.7 ± 2.8%) was significantly different between the intraspecies cloned embryos produced using skin fibroblasts from domestic buffalo and interspecies cloned embryos produced using skin fibroblasts from wild buffalo. However, the total cell number (TCN) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (192.0 ± 25.6 vs 345.7 ± 42.2), and the apoptotic index was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (15.1 ± 3.1 vs 8.0 ± 1.4) for interspecies than that for intraspecies cloned embryos. Following vitrification in open‐pulled straws (OPS) and warming, although the cryosurvival rate of both types of cloned embryos, as indicated by their re‐expansion rate, was not significantly different (34.8 ± 1.5% vs 47.8 ± 7.8), the apoptotic index was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for vitrified–warmed interspecies than that for corresponding intraspecies cloned embryos (48.9 ± 7.2 vs 23.9 ± 2.8). The global level of H3K18ac was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in interspecies cloned embryos than that in intraspecies cloned embryos. The expression level of HDAC1, DNMT3a and CASPASE3 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, that of P53 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in interspecies than in intraspecies embryos, whereas that of DNMT1 was similar between the two types of embryos. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that wild buffalo embryos can be produced by iSCNT. 相似文献
10.
Manickam Pavunraj Chellaiah Muthu Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu Sundaram Janarthanan Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan Nagappan Raja Selvaraj Vimalraj 《Phytoparasitica》2011,39(2):145-150
The effects of crude extracts and an isolated compound from the leaves of milkweed, Pergularia daemia (Forssk) Choiv., on the antifeedant activity against two important lepidopteran pests, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and Spodoptera litura (F.), were studied. Maximum antifeedant activity was recorded in ethyl acetate crude extract against H. armigera (70.3%) and S. litura (71.82%) at 1% concentration. Ethyl acetate crude extract was further subjected to column chromatography, which was performed
using hexane as initial solvent and then by increasing the polar strength using ethyl acetate. Fractions collected at hexane
and ethyl acetate (80:20) yielded 6-(4,7-hydroxy-heptyl) quinone, a novel compound which showed significant antifeedant activity
against H. armigera (80.22% at 2000 ppm) and S. litura (68.31% at 2000 ppm). 相似文献