纤维素酶渣替代黄豆饲喂杂交奶牛试验

采用纤维素酶渣替代黄豆对西黄杂奶牛(西门塔尔×本地黄牛)作饲喂对比试验,并对其产奶量及奶品质进行观察。结果表明:试验组比对照组牛日产奶量平均提高1 88kg,其乳蛋白和乳糖含量也有不同程度的提高。     

The use of ultrasonography in the reproductive evaluation of boars

The objective was to study the use of ultrasound as a complementary test in the breeding soundness evaluation in male pigs and study the pattern of echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma in boars of different racial groups. Twenty‐six adult boars from four different racial groups were used, 10 from the Piau breed (group 1), four from the commercial and finishing group (group 2), six Pietrain breed (group 3) and six from the Duroc breed (group 4). All animals were evaluated for breeding soundness evaluation and the ultrasound examination of the testicles. The groups of animals that were evaluated showed no difference in the main semen parameters that were evaluated, except for the sperm volume, concentration of the ejaculated sperm and the supravital staining; the lowest figures were for the animals from the Piau breed (group 1). In relation to the testicular biometrics, Duroc animals (group 4) had a greater scrotal width compared to the other groups. But when we assessed the intensity of pixels of the testicles, there was a difference between groups. The groups 2 (finishing animals), 3 (Pietrain) and 4 had no difference between themselves. Group 3 had greater pixel intensity in relation to group 1. Of the 26 animals studied, five showed an abnormality during ultrasound evaluation, like hydrocele, hyperechoic mass in the testicular parenchyma, cyst in the head of the epididymis and the presence of fluid in the head and tail of the epididymis. The various animal groups studied did not differ in the principal reproductive parameters evaluated, showing that despite the great variability of reproductive traits between breeds and within the same breed, the breeding soundness evaluation, the more complete it is, is essential for the selection of breeders and the ultrasonography of the reproductive system becomes an important addition in this examination.     

蚕丝混纺纱线的研发现状

纤维混纺是一种用于改善织物风格和服用性能的绿色环保方法.蚕丝制品华丽舒适、亲肤滑爽,但因其易褶皱难保养和价格昂贵等因素,限制了在消费市场的规模.蚕丝混纺纱线的开发不仅可改善蚕丝的服用性能,还能降低成本,是拓宽市场及增加蚕丝消费总量的有效途径.本文结合蚕丝纤维特征,对蚕丝混纺纱线研发利用现状进行总结分析,认为今后应重视技术革新和设备改造,开发出品质和性能更优异的蚕丝混纺制品以满足市场需求.     

夏季覆盖盐碱地表面对土壤盐分和水分的影响

在干旱区土壤水分蒸发损失引起土壤盐分表聚是土壤次生盐碱化的一个重要原因.在夏季高温时节,采用塑料薄膜、麦草和沙子覆盖盐碱地表面,结果表明,具有较好地改良盐碱地的作用.塑料薄膜宜采用全地面覆盖,麦草的覆盖量应为2 934.8 kg/hm2;沙子的覆盖厚度以4 cm为宜.覆盖后对土壤中各离子的抑制作用顺序为:K Na ＞ Cl-＞ SO42-＞Mg2 ＞HCO3-＞Ca2 .3种覆盖材料以塑料薄膜效果最佳.     

Oestradiol Induced Inhibition of Neuroendocrine Marker Expression in Leydig Cells of Adult Rats

The objectives of this work were to determine the changes in the expression of neuroendocrine markers in Leydig cell by oestradiol treatment, and to determine whether testosterone is able to recover partially the effects of hormonal suppression induced by oestradiol. Adult male rats were injected daily with either 50 microg of oestradiol or oestradiol plus testosterone propionate (25 mg every 3 days) for 15 days. The animals were sacrificed and testicles were dissected and processed by routine histological protocols. FSH and LH serum levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. The visualization of antigens was achieved by the streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. Antibodies against chromogranin A (CrA), S-100 protein (S-100), P substance (PS), synaptofisin (SYN), neurofilament protein (NF), gliofibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were used. The mean LH and FSH serum concentrations were consistently suppressed with hormonal treatments. Intermediate filaments (NF and GFAP) showed no difference in their expression. The expression of S-100, NSE and SYN was significantly lower in both hormone-treated groups. In oestradiol-treated rats, the immunoreactivity of CrA and SP decreased significantly but was restored after testosterone supplementation. Although the nature and functions of many of these substances in Leydig cells remain unknown, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the expression of some neuroendocrine markers is hormonally controlled.     

Immunohistochemical Expression of Growth Factors in the Follicular Wall of Normal and Cystic Ovaries of Sows

The expression of growth factors was evaluated immunohistochemically in normal and cystic ovaries of sows. The immunohistochemically stained area (IHCSA) was quantified by image analysis to analyse the expression of these proteins in the follicular wall of secondary, tertiary and cystic follicles. IGF‐I immunoreactivity was strong in the granulosa cell layer (GC), moderate in the theca interna (TI) and mild in the theca externa (TE) of the normal follicles. There was severe reduction of the labelling to IGF‐I in the GC of the follicular and luteinized cysts. In the normal follicles, the reactivity for IGF‐II was very similar to pattern noted in IGF‐I. There was reduction of the IHCSAs in the GC of the follicular and luteinized cysts, but the decrease was not significant. The staining of the IGF‐II in the TI and TE of the cysts was increased, in comparison with normal follicles. The IHCSAs for VEGF were higher in the GC and TE of the normal follicles in contrast to TI, but this difference was noted only in the tertiary follicle. The VEGF reactivity increased in the GC of the cysts, in relation to normal follicles. The results of the current study show that the formation of ovarian cysts in sows is associated with alterations in the immunohistochemical expression of some growth factors.     

Cryopreservation of Piau‐Breed Wild Boar Sperm: Assessment of Cooling Curves and Centrifugation Regimes

This study aimed to assess the effects of different cooling curves and centrifugation regimes used in cryopreservation protocols on the post‐thaw viability of Piau‐breed wild boar (Sus scrofa) sperm using in vitro assessment tests. Two centrifugations (800  g for 10 min and 2400  g for 3 min) and two cooling curves (conventional cooling using nitrogen vapour – freezing 1 and automated cooling using a programmed freezing machine – freezing 2) were tested. Therefore, the treatments were divided into M3 – centrifugation at 2400  g for 3 min and freezing 2; M10 – centrifugation at 800  g for 10 min and freezing 2; R3 – centrifugation at 2400  g for 3 min and freezing 1; and R10 – centrifugation at 800  g for 10 min and freezing 1. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments occurred post‐thawing regarding the total sperm motility means recorded. The mean values of the different treatments were not different from each other regarding the supravital staining (SV), hypo‐osmotic test (HO), sperm–egg binding assay or sperm morphology. This study showed that both the cooling curve and the centrifugation regime affected the quality of post‐thaw sperm, and centrifugation for shorter times and cooling curves using automated cooling are the most suitable for minimizing sperm injury.     

《生物资源学》教学改革与实践

结合生物资源学课程特点及以往授课经历和经验,本文从优化整合教学内容、改进教学手段和教学方法以及加强实践教学3个方面对该课程的教学改革进行了探讨,为提高课程教学效率和教学质量奠定基础,为促进课程发展和创新型人才培养提供参考。     

蚕丝纤维在反相乳液中对酸性染料的吸附性能

为了达到节水节能的目的,使用非离子型表面活性剂TX-100、正辛醇、异辛烷和酸性染料水溶液制备用于蚕丝纤维染色的非离子型反胶束体系。首先研究pH值和增溶水量对染料平衡吸附量的影响,接着使用酸性橙156、酸性黑234和酸性媒介黑9对蚕丝纤维进行吸附实验,并使用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型对实验数据进行拟合,考察染料结构与染料平衡吸附量之间的关系。结果表明,在反胶束体系中pH值的增加不利于蚕丝对酸性染料的吸附,在增溶水量W=10时染料的平衡吸附量达到极大值。此外,蚕丝纤维对酸性染料的吸附模型符合Langmuir吸附模型,该吸附过程为单分子吸附,并属于优惠吸附;蚕丝对酸性媒介黑9的平衡吸附量最大,这与染料的分子结构有关。     

含Cry1Ab和Xa21基因抗病虫水稻选育研究及其田间表现

 以稳定遗传的含Cry1Ab基因的抗虫水稻品种镇稻88和含Xa21基因的抗白叶枯病水稻品种圣稻301为亲本进行杂交，利用选择标记基因（bar基因和gus基因）和Southern杂交分析研究了转基因在杂交后代中的遗传分离规律和遗传稳定性。实验结果表明，在杂交后代中选择标记基因bar基因和gus基因分别与抗性基因Cry1Ab基因和Xa21基因紧密连锁并协同表达。Basta抗性检测和GUS活性的组织化学染色检测显示，Cry1Ab基因和Xa21基因在F2代中遵循9∶3∶3∶1的孟德尔遗传规律，F3代的部分株系中Cry1Ab基因和Xa21基因已稳定纯合；对F3代和杂交亲本的Southern杂交分析表明，Cry1Ab基因和Xa21基因可稳定地遗传。通过田间选育，获得了农艺性状优良的双抗（抗螟虫、白叶枯病）转基因水稻新品系SK-1、SK-2、SK-3，3个品系均对二化螟和白叶枯病菌表现出显著的抗性，产量高于镇稻88和圣稻301近20%，品质与镇稻88和圣稻301相近，部分指标优于这两个品种。