棉铃虫 JNKs 基因的克隆及表达分析

c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)是MAPK家族(mitogen-activated protein kinases, 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)的重要成员, 具有参与昆虫抗逆反应等多种功能。为明确JNK在棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera 中的表达特性及其对Bt杀虫蛋白的应激与免疫反应, 本研究通过PCR克隆得到2个棉铃虫 JNK 基因 HaJNK1 和 HaJNK2; 生物信息学分析结果显示: HaJNK1和 HaJNK2基因开放阅读框分别为1 191、1 143 bp, 分别编码397、381个氨基酸。系统进化树分析结果表明棉铃虫 HaJNK1 与黏虫 Mythimna separata 聚为一支, 亲缘关系较近, HaJNK2与 家蚕 Bombyx mori 聚为一支, 同源性较高。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析 HaJNK1 与 HaJNK2 在棉铃虫不同发育时期、不同组织中的表达量, 发现 HaJNK1 与 HaJNK2 在卵中表达量最高, 其次是雌成虫; HaJNK1 在性腺中表达量最高, 其次是唾液腺; HaJNK2 在头部表达量最高, 其次是性腺。取食Cry1Ac的4龄棉铃虫幼虫的中肠组织中, HaJNK1 与 HaJNK2 的表达量均显著升高。推测 HaJNKs 基因可能参与棉铃虫抵御Bt杀虫蛋白伤害的应激和抗逆反应。     

基于本体与认知经验的农业机器人视觉分类决策方法

基于小样本数据下认知经验知识辅助计算机进行决策,对实现农业领域机器人智能认知决策与助力智慧农业发展具有重要意义。本文在统计计数、支持向量机（SVM）等图像属性信息学习方法基础上,使用Protégé等工具,基于认知经验构建水果识别分类的专业知识库;然后根据图像颜色与形状信息,进行知识库搜索推理得到分类决策。实验在Fruit360数据集中共选择2091幅葡萄、香蕉、樱桃水果图像作为测试集,并各挑选30幅图像作为属性信息训练集与验证集,结果表明当前数据下葡萄与樱桃识别准确率为100%,香蕉识别准确率为93.30%。仅在知识库添加黄桃知识后,对984幅黄桃图像样本进行测试,其分类准确率为97.05%。表明本文方法能有效完成图像分类决策任务,且具有良好的过程可解释性、能力共享性和可拓展性。     

原子核电四极矩跃迁强度新经验公式

通过分析8≤ Z≤100偶偶原子核电四极矩跃迁强度 B（E2：0＋→2＋）与2＋态激发能 E（2＋）实验数据,提出了原子核电四极矩跃迁强度新经验公式 B（E2：0＋→2＋）＝33.65 Z2 A －0.71 E－1（2＋）．     

沉香结香机理、人工结香及其化学成分研究进展

沉香作为一种传统的珍贵药材和名贵香料,市场需求量大。由于沉香属野生植物资源遭到严重破坏,加上自然结香时间需数十年甚至上百年的时间,致使沉香成为稀缺资源。因此,人工诱导结香便成为沉香发展的必然之路。本文针对沉香的结香机理、人工结香技术及其化学成分进行综述,以期为沉香的高效结香提供科学依据。     

棉铃虫ABCA2作为Cry2Ab受体的功能分析

为明确棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera ATP结合盒转运蛋白家族A蛋白亚家族2（ATP binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 2,ABCA2）在Cry2Ab杀虫机制中的作用,利用酵母双杂交技术研究棉铃虫ABCA2与Cry2Ab的结合特性,并利用RNA干涉（dsRNA和siRNA）降低ABCA2在细胞和幼虫中的表达,结合细胞毒理学试验分析ABCA2的功能。结果表明,棉铃虫ABCA2能与Cry2Ab特异性结合;棉铃虫的ABCA2序列与美洲棉铃虫H.zea相关序列的相似度为92.86%,利用dsRNA干涉美洲棉铃虫中肠细胞ABCA2的表达能显著降低Cry2Ab对中肠细胞的毒力;利用siRNA干涉技术降低ABCA2在棉铃虫幼虫活体中的表达也显著降低了Cry2Ab对幼虫的毒力。表明棉铃虫ABCA2不仅是Cry2Ab的特异性结合蛋白,而且参与Cry2Ab的杀虫过程,是Cry2Ab的一个重要功能受体。     

The impact of urban expansion on the regional environment in Myanmar: a case study of two capital cities

Context

This study examines the spatio-temporal patterns of urban expansion for Yangon and Nay Pyi Taw, the former and new national capitals of Myanmar, and its impact on the regional environment between 2000 and 2013.

Objectives

The objective is to examine different driving forces of urban expansion for Yangon and Nay Pyi Taw, and their environmental consequences during Myanmar’s transitional economy.

Methods

Classified time-series Landsat images are used to evaluate urban expansion processes. Environmental parameters being evaluated in this study include five sets of remotely sensed MODIS land products that are land surface temperature (LST), percent tree cover (PTC), evapotranspiration (ET), terrestrial ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP), and aerosol optical depth (AOD). A time-series trend analysis technique is used to examine the environmental consequences.

Results

The built-up areas in Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon exhibit exponential and polynomial increase, respectively. A 1% increase of built-up area could potentially cause an increase of daytime LST of 0.7 °C, a PTC loss of 2.3%, a decrease in NPP of 34.3 kg/m², and an ET decrease of 42.2 mm for Yangon. Similarly, for Nay Pyi Taw, a 1% increase in built-up area could potentially cause a daytime LST increase of 0.3 °C, a nighttime LST increase of 0.06 °C, a PTC loss of 2.5%, a decrease in NPP of 15.1 kg/m², and a decrease of 19.2 mm ET. No significant change was observed for AOD for either city.

Conclusions

Both cities have experienced extensive urban expansion but with different spatial and temporal characteristics, and their effects on the regional environment are different. Urban expansion of Nay Pyi Taw mainly was government-induced municipal infrastructure development. Yangon’s expansion is mainly caused by population pressure and migration from rural areas. The urban expansion in Yangon was mainly due to reconstruction and renovation, as well as infill development during the study period.

     

Micro-scale urban surface temperatures are related to land-cover features and residential heat related health impacts in Phoenix,AZ USA

Context

With rapidly expanding urban regions, the effects of land cover changes on urban surface temperatures and the consequences of these changes for human health are becoming progressively larger problems.

Objectives

We investigated residential parcel and neighborhood scale variations in urban land surface temperature, land cover, and residents’ perceptions of landscapes and heat illnesses in the subtropical desert city of Phoenix, AZ USA.

Methods

We conducted an airborne imaging campaign that acquired high resolution urban land surface temperature data (7 m/pixel) during the day and night. We performed a geographic overlay of these data with high resolution land cover maps, parcel boundaries, neighborhood boundaries, and a household survey.

Results

Land cover composition, including percentages of vegetated, building, and road areas, and values for NDVI, and albedo, was correlated with residential parcel surface temperatures and the effects differed between day and night. Vegetation was more effective at cooling hotter neighborhoods. We found consistencies between heat risk factors in neighborhood environments and residents’ perceptions of these factors. Symptoms of heat-related illness were correlated with parcel scale surface temperature patterns during the daytime but no corresponding relationship was observed with nighttime surface temperatures.

Conclusions

Residents’ experiences of heat vulnerability were related to the daytime land surface thermal environment, which is influenced by micro-scale variation in land cover composition. These results provide a first look at parcel-scale causes and consequences of urban surface temperature variation and provide a critically needed perspective on heat vulnerability assessment studies conducted at much coarser scales.

     

鸽新城疫病毒北京分离株F基因的遗传进化分析

对一株分离自北京市的鸽源新城疫病毒BJP13株的F基因进行扩增、序列测定和分析。结果显示,F基因核苷酸序列长为1 662bp,编码553个氨基酸,蛋白裂解位点的序列为112RRQKRF117,具备强毒株的序列特征;同源性比较显示,BJP13与国内外不同基因型毒株的同源性在87.9%~99.1%;与新城疫基因Ⅵ型的同源性较高,为93.7%~99.1%,其中与基因Ⅵb亚型中的毒株11和毒株LLN713同源性最高为99.1%,与1996年北京分离株STP96的同源性最低为93.7%;与基因Ⅰ型疫苗株V4株和基因Ⅱ型疫苗株La Sota株的同源性分别为90.3%和88.6%;遗传进化分析显示,北京分离株BJP13与比利时毒株11、4940和中国毒株SDS、LLN713最为接近,位于同一进化分支上,属于基因Ⅵb亚型。     

CNCPS研究综述——瘤胃发酵

康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)是在综合了有关研究瘤胃发酵的最新研究成果和理论的基础上,结合计算机技术形成的一套新的技术体系,在生产中体现了很好的实用性和优越性。通过阐述CNCPS对瘤胃微生态、瘤胃微生物、瘤胃微生物的组成、瘤胃发酵和过瘤胃、氮损失和内源氮循环的研究,从该体系的最初研究出发,揭示该体系的基本框架,为深入理解和应用CNCPS提供参考。     

生态环境对白肋烟上部叶的品质和中性香气成分的影响

为了探索生态环境对白肋烟晾制品质的影响,将云南省宾川县和云龙县生产的白肋烟异地互换晾制。调查了白肋烟调制期间的温、湿度,并采用高效液相色谱、气质联用仪测定调制结束后烟叶中的质体色素和中性香气成分的含量。结果表明,两地生态条件存在差异,湿度差异明显,温度差异较小,整个白肋烟晾制期间,云龙县空气相对湿度较宾川县高4.42%~16.54%。宾川县晾房烟叶晾制时间比云龙县晾制的烟叶少9 d。两个生态环境下,烟叶的物理外观和内在品质差异显著。宾川县晾制的云龙县生产的烟叶β-类胡萝卜素的残留量比宾川县生产的烟叶高6.44%,而云龙县晾制的宾川县生产烟叶比云龙县生产烟叶高14.45%。在云龙县晾制的烟叶中性香气成分含量比在宾川县晾制的高,宾川县生产烟叶和云龙县生产烟叶相应高出47.31%和20.37%。同一产地烟叶,烟碱和总糖含量表现为在宾川县晾制的烟叶极显著高于在云龙县晾制的烟叶;而总氮含量均表现为在云龙县晾制的烟叶极显著高于宾川县晾制的烟叶。生态环境与烟叶中的质体色素、中性香气成分、化学成分含量密切相关。因此,在白肋烟生产中,应因地制宜,科学调制白肋烟,提高烟叶质量,增加烟叶香气。