直立型扁蓿豆对干旱胁迫和复水的响应及适应策略

以直立型扁蓿豆[Medicago ruthenica（L.）Sojak.cv.Zhilixing]为材料,于苗期连续干旱处理12 d后复水4 d,研究直立型扁蓿豆幼苗形态结构特征、生理代谢及生物量分配对干旱胁迫及复水的响应,揭示直立型扁蓿豆对干旱胁迫及复水的适应策略。结果表明：随着干旱胁迫时间延长,直立型扁蓿豆叶片气孔开放率逐渐降低,处理9 d后气孔及表皮细胞密度比正常浇水处理（CK）分别增加48.5%和36.6%,形成小而密的表皮细胞和气孔。生理上,除MDA含量随胁迫时间的延长逐渐增加外,其余指标均先升高后降低,干旱胁迫9 d时达最高,SOD、POD、叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸分别较CK提高88.9%、111.2%、86.7%、140.5%、147.8%和124.6%。同时,生物量随胁迫时间的延长先增大后减小,于干旱胁迫9 d达最大值,比CK增加16.4%,总的分配格局表现出地上生物量投资高于地下,地下生物量投资比例随胁迫时间的延长逐渐增加,而地上生物量变化与其相反。复水后各指标均能恢复至CK水平或超过CK,表现出极强的复水敏感性和潜在恢复能力。该品种扁蓿豆对干旱胁迫及复水的适应主要分为3个时期：主动适应期,其生理参数的可塑性指数为形态参数的1.33倍,主要通过抗氧化及渗透调节来减少水分散失增加水分吸收、缓解氧化伤害以适应干旱逆境;被动适应期,其形态参数的可塑性指数为生理参数的1.31倍,主要采用牺牲生物量的生存策略以及降低色素含量减少光吸收的光保护机制来提高逆境下的生存能力;复水恢复期,根冠比、气孔开放率、气孔及表皮细胞密度比CK分别增加25.9%、29.7%、24.2%和16.3%,其较高的根冠比和叶片较高的气孔开放率及小而密的气孔及表皮细胞特征,保证了直立型扁蓿豆吸水能力以及水分运输效率的迅速恢复。综上,直立型扁蓿豆抗旱能力较强,能够通过形态生理的改变以及调整不同器官的生物量分配来应对与适应干旱逆境及复水,且在不同处理阶段采取不同的适应策略以达到生存目的。     

基于转录组数据的直立型扁蓿豆SSR序列特征分析

[目的]对直立型扁蓿豆转录组简单重复序列(SSR)特征进行分析,为开发扁蓿豆新的分子标记奠定基础.[方法]以直立型扁蓿豆叶片为材料,通过Illumina HiSeq X Ten测序平台进行高通量测序,利用MISA软件对转录组数据进行SSR位点搜索,并对SSR位点的分布及其序列特征进行分析.[结果]在直立型扁蓿豆中得到3...     

精密镗床旋转轴几何误差完备性测量与辨识

针对四轴卧式镗床旋转轴需测几何误差的数目不统一与完备性缺失的问题,提出了基于形状创成函数的四轴卧式镗床旋转轴PIGEs形成机理分析方法与旋转轴完备几何误差测量辨识方法。基于形状创成机理构建了卧式镗床几何误差创成函数,确定了旋转轴可通过误差补偿进行调整的最少与位置无关的几何误差(Position-independent geometric error, PIGEs)数目。建立了卧式镗床旋转轴4项PIGEs、6项与位置有关的几何误差(Position-dependent geometric error, PDGEs)、6项安装误差(Setup error, SEs)与球杆仪(Double ball bar, DBB)测量轨迹半径之间的完备性函数模型,设计了基于DBB的四轴联动Viviani曲线测量轨迹,构建了旋转轴6项PDGEs的NURBS表征与PIGEs、SEs辨识方法。开展了误差补偿对比实验验证,结果表明,利用几何误差完备性测量与辨识结果进行误差补偿,较仅单一补偿6项PDGEs可提升圆轨迹测量精度40.69%。     

噻虫胺在番茄和土壤中的残留及消解动态

通过两年3地的田间试验,采用分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法,研究了50%噻虫胺水分散粒剂在番茄和土壤中的残留及消解动态。结果表明:在0.005、0.01和0.05 mg/kg添加水平下,噻虫胺在番茄中的回收率为90%～121%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为4.0%～4.5%（n=5）,在土壤中的回收率为88%～92%,RSD为3.6%～5.8%（n=5）,番茄和土壤中噻虫胺的定量限均为0.005 mg/kg,可满足现有限量标准的要求。噻虫胺在番茄中的消解动态符合准一级动力学方程,半衰期为3.5～17.3 d。当50%噻虫胺水分散粒剂以推荐剂量（有效成分）60 g/hm2在番茄生长到成熟个体一半大小时施药3次,施药间隔7 d时,噻虫胺在番茄上的最终残留量在< LOQ～0.32 mg/kg之间,远低于日本规定的最大允许残留量（MRL）值3 mg/kg,推荐采收安全间隔期为1 d。     

柚单株产量影响因素的相关分析

通过对影响柚单株产量的十个因子的简单相关分析、通过分析，并应用逐步回归法剔出与单株产量相关不显著的因子得到最优多元回归方程，认为影响梁平柚单株产量的主要因子有花杂数、果数、座果率、每果叶面积和单果重。树高／冠径、干周、树冠体积、叶面积系数、总枝数与单株产量相关不显著。     

Surface modification of silk fibroin nanofibrous mat with dextran for wound dressing

In this study, we examined the effects of a dextran-modified silk fibroin nanofibrous mat (D-SFNM) on wound healing. To increase the hydrophilicity of silk fibroin (SF), the SF nanofibrous mat (SFNM) was modified with oxidized dextran. The D-SFNM absorbed water faster than the SFNM, and the swelling ratio was increased by approximately 80 % compared with the SFNM. An in vitro cell (NIH3T3) test revealed that fewer cells attached to the D-SFNM than the SFNM, but the proliferation of cells was not significantly affected by the presence of dextran. An in vivo wound healing test with mice indicated that the D-SFNM resulted in a good wound recovery effect similar to a commercial wound dressing material. The increased hydrophilicity of the D-SFNM might balance the moist environment at the wound site, which improves the wound healing compared with the SFNM.     

RP-SPE-HPLC分析蔬菜中灭多威、2,4-D和噻嗪酮的残留量

建立了反相固相萃取(RP-SPE)配合高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定蔬菜中灭多威、2,4-D和噻嗪酮3种农药残留量的方法.采用超声波辅助提取样品,提取液经固相萃取柱富集后,在XDB-C18柱上分离,以甲醇:水:磷酸(V:V:V)=70:30:0.1的混合液为流动相,流速为0.8 ml/min,用紫外检测器在波长240 nm下,测定了灭多威、2.4-d和噻嗪酮在芹菜和韭菜中的残留量.以保留时间定性确证,峰面积外标法进行定量.结果表明:3种农药的浓度与其峰面积在30～360μg/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.003～0.06μg/g,样品的加标平均回收率为96.52%～102.91%,相对标准偏差1.82%～3.58%.此方法简便、快速、灵敏,适用于蔬菜中这3种农药的同时分析.     

Expression and localization of alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1 in the reproductive system of male mice

The structure of microtubules is essential for the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. Acetylation of α-tubulin plays an important role in flagellar elongation and spermatozoa motility. Previous reports have suggested that alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1) is the main acetyltransferase involved in the acetylation of α-tubulin. Although ATAT1 is reported to express in the testis, no information is available regarding its expression in elongated spermatids, epididymis, and mature spermatozoa. Hence, it remains unclear whether ATAT1 is involved in spermatozoa maturation and capacitation. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of ATAT1 in the mouse male reproductive system using immunostaining and western blotting. Our results showed that ATAT1 was expressed in spermatids during spermiogenesis in mouse testes, but its expression varied according to the seminiferous tubule stage. We observed ATAT1 in the cytoplasm of round spermatids, the flagella of elongated spermatids, and in the cytoplasm of step 16 spermatids, just before its release into the lumen. In addition, ATAT1 was expressed in epithelial cells of the epididymis. In spermatozoa of the cauda epididymis, ATAT1 expression was primarily observed in the midpiece of the spermatozoa. The localization of ATAT1 protein in the male germline was observed during spermiogenesis as well as during spermatozoa maturation. Our results suggest that ATAT1 may be involved in the formation of flagella and in the acetylation process, which has attracted attention in recent years regarding male infertility.     

发酵剂对羊肉香肠中蛋白、脂质代谢与风味物质的影响

通过接种清酒乳杆菌与木糖葡萄球菌,将试验分为复合发酵剂(复配)组、单一清酒乳杆菌(单一)组,以自然发酵为对照,探究不同发酵剂对羊肉发酵香肠蛋白质、脂质代谢与挥发性风味物质形成的影响。结果表明:添加复合发酵剂促进香肠快速酸化,成熟结束复配组pH值降为4. 6,显著低于发酵肉制品要求安全pH值(5. 3)及对照组、原料肉组(P 0. 05); pH值下降促使复配组水分活度和亚硝酸盐残留显著低于单一、对照及原料肉3组(P 0. 05),且复配组红度色泽(a*)优于其他组;香肠中游离脂肪酸含量呈增加趋势,成熟结束复配组单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于单一和对照两组(P 0. 05),对照组中饱和及单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,说明复合发酵剂有助于单不饱和脂肪酸释放,而内源脂肪酶对饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸释放起到关键作用;蛋白分解表现为:发酵剂组蛋白质分解指数和游离氨基酸含量高于对照组,但差异不显著(P 0. 05);发酵剂组香肠检出45种风味物质,高于对照组44种,显著高于原料肉的27种(P 0. 05);复合发酵剂提高香肠中特征风味——3-甲基丁醛、己醛、庚醛、正壬醛等醛类含量。因此,添加复合发酵剂有助于缩短羊肉香肠发酵周期、改善色泽、提高香肠单不饱和脂肪酸含量及风味感官品质。