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M L van der Leek J B Dame C L Adams K D Gillis R C Littell 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(6):877-882
Experimental and field trials were conducted to evaluate an ELISA for its ability to detect Trichinella-infected domestic swine and to compare ELISA results with muscle-digestion test results. The ELISA used was a commercial double-antibody kit, containing an excretory-secretory antigen, and was evaluated principally for epidemiologic use. Experimentally induced infection in swine (4 groups of 3 pigs each; inoculated with 0, 50, 500 or 5,000 larvae) was detected as early as postinoculation week 4, with seroconversion of all inoculated swine by postinoculation week 8. The rate of seroconversion appeared to be affected by initial larval dose, time after inoculation, and immunocompetence of the individual host. Determination of antibody kinetics generally revealed rapidly increasing antibody titer, followed by its steady decrease in most pigs. Once seropositive, however, all pigs remained seropositive for the duration of the 10-week study. Presence of muscle larvae was confirmed in all infected pigs at termination of the study. We recognize that the experimental conditions may not be truly representative of those under which natural infection develops in pigs; however, the ELISA detected an infected pig with muscle larval density of 0.87 larvae/g of tissue. Results of a field trial (n = 310) indicated no muscle digestion test-positive pigs (35 g of diaphragm muscle digested/pig), but 3 samples tested positive by ELISA for specificity of 99.0%. 相似文献
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SR Cho SA Ock JG Yoo B Mohana kumar SY Choe GJ Rho 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(2):171-176
The present study was designed to examine the effects of cell-cycle synchronization protocols, such as confluent, roscovitine treatment and serum starvation, in bovine foetal fibroblasts on synchronization accuracy at G0/G1, viability, apoptosis, necrosis and ploidy for use as a nuclei donor. The cells in 5-10 passages were randomly allocated into three treated groups. Cells were cultured either in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) + 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) until 90% confluent (group 1, confluent), in DMEM + 10% FBS + 30 microM roscovitine for 12 h (group 2, roscovitine), or in DMEM + 0.5% FBS for 5 days (group 3, serum starvation). Most of the cells (>80%) in all groups were arrested at the G0/G1 stage. Although the rates did not differ, cells in group 1 showed an increased cell population arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher rates of apoptosis occurred in group 3 than in group 1 and 2 (10% vs 6% and 6%, respectively). No differences in chromosomal abnormality were observed among groups. However, by increasing the number of cell culture passages up to 15, significantly (p < 0.05) higher chromosomal abnormality was observed than in 5 and 10 passages (39% vs 28% and 23%, respectively) in group 1. The results clearly indicated that bovine foetal fibroblasts could be effectively synchronized at G0/G1 stages by all the three different treatments, confluent, roscovitine and serum starvation. However, cells in confluent showed reduced apoptosis and necrosis when they underwent 5-10 passages, exhibiting increased percentage of cells with stable chromosome diversity. Hence, cells in confluent merit further studies before they could be used as nuclear donors. 相似文献
5.
P. James K. Tzoulas M.D. Adams A. Barber J. Box J. Breuste T. Elmqvist M. Frith C. Gordon K.L. Greening J. Handley S. Haworth A.E. Kazmierczak M. Johnston K. Korpela M. Moretti J. Niemelä S. Pauleit M.H. Roe J.P. Sadler C. Ward Thompson 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2009,8(2):65-75
In recent years social, economic and environmental considerations have led to a reevaluation of the factors that contribute to sustainable urban environments. Increasingly, urban green space is seen as an integral part of cities providing a range of services to both the people and the wildlife living in urban areas. With this recognition and resulting from the simultaneous provision of different services, there is a real need to identify a research framework in which to develop multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research on urban green space. In order to address these needs, an iterative process based on the delphi technique was developed, which comprised email-mediated discussions and a two-day symposium involving experts from various disciplines. The two outputs of this iterative process were (i) an integrated framework for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research and (ii) a catalogue of key research questions in urban green space research. The integrated framework presented here includes relevant research areas (i.e. ecosystem services, drivers of change, pressures on urban green space, human processes and goals of provision of urban green space) and emergent research themes in urban green space studies (i.e. physicality, experience, valuation, management and governance). Collectively these two outputs have the potential to establish an international research agenda for urban green space, which can contribute to the better understanding of people's relationship with cities. 相似文献
6.
Serean L Adams John F Smith Rodney D Roberts Achim R Janke Nick G King Harry Robin Tervit Stephen C Webb 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1434-1442
The robustness of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), sperm cryopreservation in the context of selective breeding based on family lines was investigated. Irrespective of egg density, high fertilization success was achieved with cryopreserved sperm when sperm:egg ratios of 1000:1 to 10 000:1 were used. Variation among replicate runs on the same oyster batches was minimal, indicating that cryopreservation and larval rearing procedures were repeatable. Twenty independent single male–female crosses were made to assess the utility of cryopreserved sperm in selective breeding. The fertility of unfrozen sperm was generally a poor predictor of cryopreserved sperm fertility. Based on D‐larval yields, 17 of the 20 crosses were likely to yield adequate spat for selective breeding (>105 D‐larvae from 1 million eggs), two were marginal (5 × 104 D‐larvae) and one was inadequate (4 × 103 D‐larvae). An alternative fertilization strategy to improve D‐yield from a given number of sperm was then tested. Fertilizing 10 million eggs at a sperm:egg ratio of 200:1 increased the total D‐yield when compared with fertilizing 1 million eggs at a sperm:egg ratio of 2000:1 for the same male–female pair. We conclude that, despite wide variation in fertility, cryopreserved sperm is useful for family production. 相似文献
7.
M M Garner S D Atkinson S L Hallett J L Bartholomew R W Nordhausen H Reed L Adams B Whitaker 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(1):27-35
Renal myxozoanosis was diagnosed histologically in 11 captive, wild caught, adult weedy (common) sea dragons, Phyllopteryx taeniolatus, from three separate public aquaria in the United States. Myxozoan spores were visible in wet mounts of kidney tissue and were associated with renal tubular dilatation and tubular epithelial cell hypertrophy. Light and electron microscopy revealed spore morphology consistent with the genus Sinuolinea. Spores were spheroidal, slightly dorso-ventrally compressed, length (L) 17.1 x width (W) 16.4 x thickness (T) 15.6 microm, with two shell valves joined at a distinct, sinuous sutural ridge, and had two nearly spherical polar capsules, L 5.5 x W 5.0 microm, with five to seven turns of the polar filament. There were no extra-valvular ridges or protrusions. DNA sequencing required the design of three new primers that yielded 1740 bp of 18S ribosomal DNA sequence. The parasite was determined to be novel based on morphological and molecular data, and was given the name Sinuolinea phyllopteryxa after its vertebrate host. 相似文献
8.
Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project 总被引:227,自引:0,他引:227
M D Adams J M Kelley J D Gocayne M Dubnick M H Polymeropoulos H Xiao C R Merril A Wu B Olde R F Moreno 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,252(5013):1651-1656
Automated partial DNA sequencing was conducted on more than 600 randomly selected human brain complementary DNA (cDNA) clones to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs). ESTs have applications in the discovery of new human genes, mapping of the human genome, and identification of coding regions in genomic sequences. Of the sequences generated, 337 represent new genes, including 48 with significant similarity to genes from other organisms, such as a yeast RNA polymerase II subunit; Drosophila kinesin, Notch, and Enhancer of split; and a murine tyrosine kinase receptor. Forty-six ESTs were mapped to chromosomes after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. This fast approach to cDNA characterization will facilitate the tagging of most human genes in a few years at a fraction of the cost of complete genomic sequencing, provide new genetic markers, and serve as a resource in diverse biological research fields. 相似文献
9.
土传花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因导入小麦的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
利用基因枪技术 ,将小麦土传花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因CWMV CP1和筛选基因bar导入扬麦 15 8,获得14 5株抗Bialaphos再生植株 ;PCR Southern分析 ,其中 2 1株为阳性植株 ,转化率达到 0 .99% ;T1代植株的PCR Southern、单酶切和双酶切Southern杂交 ,证明外源抗性基因已经完整地整合到小麦基因组中 ;T1代植株分离比CP1+ ∶CP1-为 1∶1.3,偏离孟德尔分离定律 ;T2 代植株总RNA ,RT PCR的试验结果表明CWMV CP1在转录水平上得到了表达 相似文献
10.
Concentrations of bioactive and immunoactive luteinizing hormone in bovine anterior pituitary tissue
G E Moss R P Lemenager J R Parfet B M Adams T E Adams 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1988,5(2):185-190
Tissue concentrations of LH as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) may not accurately measure actual changes that could occur in biological activity of the hormone. To examine this possibility, pituitary homogenates from 135 beef cows in various physiological states were analyzed for content of LH by both RIA and an in vitro bioassay. The ratio of biological/immunological active concentrations of LH remained constant (.52 +/- .02) even though tissue concentrations of immunoactive LH differed among groups. Tissue concentrations of bioactive LH were linearly related to, and highly correlated with (P less than .001), tissue concentrations of immunoactive LH. These data indicate that only a fraction of the immunoactive LH in the bovine pituitary is biologically active. However, this fraction does not vary with the reproductive status or plane of nutrition. 相似文献