加强农业MBA人才培养，促进农业产业化和农村经济的发展

现代化农业急需具有多方面知识的管理人才，实施农业MBA硕士学位教育，培养更多农业及其相关企业高级管理人才，必将促进农业产业化和农村经济发展。本就目前我国在这个领域存在问题进行分析，并提出尽快设立农业MBA硕士专业的对策和措施。     

嫁接西瓜肥料试验初报

试验结果表明,在土壤有机质含量高达4.07%的单栋钢管大棚中,进行嫁接西瓜栽培时,与常规施肥量相比,在4个减肥处理中,以减量20%的处理增产优质效果最佳。     

竹材横纹压缩的应力松弛

以毛竹(Phyllostachs pubescens)为对象,对竹材应力松弛规律进行了实验研究,分析了不同温度及不同含水率对竹材横纹压缩的应力松弛特性的影响,建立了描述竹材横纹压缩应力松弛模型。实验表明,竹材横纹压缩应力松弛与含水率、温度、应变水平密切相关,随着温度的升高和含水率的增加,竹材的应力松弛速率增大,应力松弛时间缩短。     

云南省6县退耕还林农户收益分析及增收对策的案例研究

采取抽样调查的方式,对云南省6个地(市)退耕农户进行调研,对农户的林业收入状况、在退耕地所经营的林业项目以及退耕面积与收益等3方面进行深入剖析,认为农户的林业收入有高型、中高型、中等型、偏低型以及低下型5种类型.对退耕还林发展林业过程中面临的主要问题和促进当地林业发展、增加农户收入的对策进行了探讨.     

Detection of arboviruses in Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected from animal farms in the border areas of Yunnan Province,China

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides(order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae) are potential biological vectors for the transmission of certain arboviruses among humans, livestock, and wild animals. This study collected a total of 405 Culicoides individuals from seven animal farms located in five counties in the border areas of Yunnan Province, China, and examined the Culicoides species composition and the major arboviruses carried by the Culicoides species. The collected Culicoides were classified into seven species with variable abundances: Culicoides arakawae(5.43%, 22/405), Culicoides homotomus(1.23%, 5/405), Culicoides obsoletus(19.75%, 80/405), Culicoides orientalis(17.28%, 70/405), Culicoides oxystoma(29.38%, 119/405), Culicoides peregrinus(5.68%, 23/405), and Culicoides nipponensis(21.23%, 86/405). Among the seven species, C. oxystoma and C. nipponensis were distributed in all the five counties with abundances of 13.33–44.87% and 10.00–46.83%, respectively, suggesting that these were the dominant species of Culicoides widespread on animal farms in the border areas. PCR was used to detect major arboviruses in the collected Culicoides specimens, including bluetongue virus(BTV), Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, African swine fever virus, and African horse sickness virus. Among the tested viruses, only BTV serotype 1 was tested positive in C. oxystoma specimens collected from a buffalo farm. Culicoides oxystoma was the dominant species on animal farms in the sampled areas, but it has not previously been documented as positive for BTV in China. The current results thus suggest that C. oxystoma could be an important vector for BTV transmission in these border areas, which, however, needs to be confirmed by further comprehensive experiments. Overall, the present study provides the first profile of Culicoides species on animal farms in the China, Vietnam, and Myanmar border areas, establishes the prevalence of arboviruses carried by these Culicoides species, and suggests the vector potential of C. oxystoma species for the transmission of BTV.     

一起饲料药物交叉污染事件引发的反思

通过对一起典型的因交叉污染造成的饲料药物残留事件的调查,笔者分析了产生药物残留污染的原因,并提出建设性的纠正措施及几点反思。     

商洛市平菇栽培及病虫害防治关键技术

商洛市作为我国平菇栽培的重要产区之一,拥有超过50年的平菇人工栽培历史,商洛地区平菇产业不仅在农业经济方面取得显著成就,而且深受市场和消费者喜爱。本文系统总结了近年来商洛市平菇的栽培技术及病虫害防治策略。详细介绍了商洛市平菇目前主推的栽培的季节及品种选择、栽培配方、制袋、养菌管理、出菇管理、采收等内容,分析了平菇的常见病虫害,并提出了相应的防治措施。这项研究为商洛地区平菇产业的发展壮大提供了技术支持。     

农杆菌介导的hIL-12基因转化马铃薯的研究

构建CaMv35S启动子驱动人白细胞介素12基因(hIL-12)的植物表达载体pBI121-hIL-12,通过三亲杂交法将重组载体导入根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105,农杆菌介导法转化马铃薯茎段,经卡那霉素抗性筛选,获得28株抗性植株。通过PCR检测,22株为阳性,从PCR阳性植株中随机选取5株,ELISA法检测茎和叶中hIL-12的表达量,其中2株与对照组相比有显著性差异(p<0.001),hIL-12的表达量分别为(3 714.0±48.8)pg/g和(3 465.0±185.0)pg/g,初步表明外源基因hIL-12已经整合进马铃薯基因组中并得到了表达,为进一步研究重组hIL-12的分离纯化和生物学活性奠定了试验基础。     

Inhibition of ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells in hypoxia/reoxygenation by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides

AIM: To investigate the effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODN) on the intercellsular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expression on endothelial cells in hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R). METHODS: With cultured glomerular vascular endothelial cell in H/R, the positive percentage of ICAM-1 expression was measured by flow cytometry before and after giving AS-ODN. RESULTS: The ICAM-1 expression did not increase on glomerular vascular endothelial cell in 10 hours hypoxia compared to control group, it increased in 6 hours reoxygenation, and decreased by 40.6% after giving AS-OND. CONCLUSION: AS-ODN may decrease the expression of ICAM-1 on endothelial cells in H/R.     

植物秸秆纤维素物理化学改性及其吸附机理研究

采用植物秸秆为原料,借助高压蒸汽闪爆技术、稀碱蒸煮等方法得到具有一定α-纤维素含量的秸秆基纤维素,在此基础上进行碱化、醚化和胺基亲核取代反应,制备出对Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋等重金属离子具有优良吸附性能的乙二胺螯合植物秸秆纤维素,并对其吸附机理进行研究。结果表明,用蒸汽闪爆物理方法可以纯化天然植物秸秆纤维素,制备的吸附材料对金属铜离子、镉离子吸附规律基本符合Freundlish等温吸附式,其等温式中lgC系数分别为0.997和1.159。