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1.
Measurement of cortisol response is an important tool to asses stress in fisheries research. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a common
method for the measure of cortisol in fish. Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect cortisol would eliminate
health hazards, costs of handling radioisotopes, and the short stability time associated with RIA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays have been used for the determination of cortisol in several fish species. However, the ELISA method of cortisol determination
in fish lacks proper validation testing. We conducted validation procedures for multiple commercial cortisol ELISA kits and
compared the results to RIA. The assays were tested for four species: (1) channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, (2) largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, (3) red pacu Piaractus brachypomus, and (4) golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas. We evaluated the ELISA methods against RIA, and determined that at least one kit is suitable (accuracy: mean recovery of
spiked samples, 102.8%; reproducibility: interassay coefficient of variation < 10.5% for all species; precision: intra-assay
coefficient of variation < 16.8% for all species; linearity: R
2 > 0.96 for all species) for the measurement of cortisol response in fish and comparative determination of stress. All of
the ELISA assay results varied by more than 10% from the cortisol concentrations detected by the RIA. The high variability
of the kit results indicates that commercial ELISA kits could be utilized for qualitative determination of cortisol in fish,
but should be fully validated in each laboratory for each species before being used for research. 相似文献
2.
This article analyzes the relationship between forest resources, refugees, and the host population. The findings of the research
suggest that the host population are heavily dependent on the local forest for their daily needs such as fuelwood, timber,
grazing area, fodder for domestic animals, foods, and medicine in addition to cultural and esthetic needs. The forest has
also been relied upon for agricultural needs such as manufacture of agricultural tools, maintenance of irrigation water systems,
erosion control, and fertilizer needs. The forest was under a sustained demand as any other Terai forest of Nepal. After the
arrival of refugees in 1992, the demand for forest resources increased substantially. Initially, the construction of the refugee
camps decreased the total forest area and also required some felling of trees. More significantly, the refugees themselves
became active users of the forest resource, which generated extra pressure on the forest and created scarcity of forest resources.
Before the arrival of the refugees, forest management and monitoring of illegal use of the forest resources were carried out
by the government through its local forester office. The local residents were active users of the forest resources, but were
passive in managing and maintaining the forest resource. However, competition from the refugees instilled a desire in the
local population to safeguard and protect the dwindling resource against the external threat by creating the Humse Dumse Community
Forest. 相似文献
3.
Sujan KC Yamamoto Hiroyuki Matsuo Miyuki Yoshida Masato Naito Kazuhiro Shirai Tatsuya 《Wood Science and Technology》2015,49(6):1157-1169
Wood Science and Technology - Tension wood, when kiln-dried, is likely to deform hugely, which is probably caused by a gelatinous layer of the gelatinous fiber. To elucidate the mechanism behind... 相似文献
4.
Tanger S. M. Blazier M. A. Holley A. G. McConnell T. E. Vanderschaaf C. Clason T. R. KC Dipesh 《New Forests》2021,52(2):217-235
New Forests - Competition suppression within loblolly pine plantations (Pinus taeda L.) is typically carried out within the first 2 years of a plantation, but competition control for longer... 相似文献
5.
KC Silva‐Santos LS Siloto GMG Santos F Morotti TN Marcantonio MM Seneda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(1):48-51
The objective was to compare populations of antral and pre‐antral ovarian follicles in Bos indicus and Bos indicus‐taurus cows with high and low antral follicle counts. Nelore (Bos indicus, n = 20) and Nelore X Angus (1/2 Bos indicus‐taurus, n = 20) cows were subjected to follicular aspiration without regard to the stage of their oestrous cycle (day of aspiration = D0) to remove all follicles ≥3 mm and induce growth of a new follicular wave. Ovaries were examined by ultrasonography on D4, D19, D34, D49 and D64, and antral follicles ≥3 mm were counted. Thereafter, cows were assigned to one of two groups: high or low antral follicular count (AFC, ≥30 and ≤15 antral follicles, respectively). After D64, ovaries were collected after slaughter and processed for histological evaluation. There was high repeatability in the numbers of antral follicles for all groups (range 0.77–0.96). The mean (±SD) numbers of antral follicles were 35 ± 9 (Bos indicus) and 38 ± 6 (Bos indicus‐taurus) for the high AFC group and 10 ± 3 (Bos indicus) and 12 ± 2 (Bos indicus‐taurus) follicles for the low AFC. The mean number of preantral follicles in the ovaries of Bos indicus‐taurus cows with high AFC (116 226 ± 83 156 follicles) was greater (p < 0.05) than that of Bos indicus cows (63 032 ± 58 705 follicles) with high AFC. However, there was no significant correlation between numbers of antral and preantral follicles. 相似文献
6.
KC Silva‐Santos CR Ferreira GMG Santos MN Eberlin LS Siloto CO Rosa TN Marcantonio MM Seneda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):711-718
The aim of the present study was to compare the lipid profile in oocytes of indicus and 1/2 indicus × taurus cows with high and low antral follicle count (AFC)/oocyte yields. After an OPU procedure (D0), antral follicles ≥3 mm were counted by ultrasonography (D4, 19, 34, 49, 64), and cows were assigned to groups with either high AFC (≥30 follicles; indicus, NH group; 1/2 indicus × taurus, AH group) or low AFC (≤15 antral follicles; indicus, NL group; 1/2 indicus × taurus, AL group). The lipid profiles of the oocytes were determined by MALDI‐MS. For GI, GII and GIII oocytes, the indicus samples tend to cluster separately from the 1/2 indicus × taurus samples. The lipid species [PC (P‐38:5) + H]+ and/or [PC (P‐36:2) + Na]+, [PC (38:2) + H]+, [PC (38:5) + Na]+ and [TAG (60:8) + NH4]+ were more abundant in indicus (NH and NL groups) than 1/2 indicus × taurus. The higher lipid content in the indicus oocytes likely reflects differences in the rate of lipid metabolism and may contribute to oocyte competence and embryo development. 相似文献
7.
Todd David Sink Sathyanand Kumaran Rebecca T. Lochmann 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(3):189-193
Baitfish such as golden shiners are subjected to stress during harvesting, grading, and transport. Their small size makes
it difficult to measure the stress response with the biological indicator cortisol using conventional assay methods for plasma.
This paper examines the development and validation of methods for whole-body cortisol extraction from individual baitfish.
Three types of extracts were tested: (1) an ethyl ether unaltered extract (UA); (2) an extract reconstituted in phosphate
buffered saline (PBS); (3) an extract that had been increased in volume by the addition of food-grade vegetable oil (VO).
These extracts were evaluated using validation tests with radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
The UA extract produced inadequate volumes of extract for multiple assays and could not be used for the determination of cortisol
in a single fish. The PBS reconstitution method failed the precision recovery of serial dilutions (62.3%), linearity (R
2: 0.7864), and parallelism validation tests. The VO volume-boosting method passed all validation tests [intra-assay coefficent
of variation (%CV): 16.3 for ELISA and 5.9 for RIA; inter-assay %CV: 10.3; spiked recovery: 102.0%; dilution recovery: 93.0%;
linearity R
2: 0.9435; log of serial dilutions was parallel] and provided enough extract for multiple assays from an individual baitfish.
Based on these results, we conclude that the VO volume-boosting method presents a means for determining cortisol from individual
baitfish using either RIA or ELISA assays. 相似文献
8.
Norin‐PL8 (‘PL8’) is an extremely cool‐tolerant line of rice in Japan that contains genes for cool tolerance originating from a javanica landrace. It was investigated to see whether the dwarfing gene d18‐k (kotaketamanishiki dwarf) exerts its pleiotropic effect on enhancing the cool tolerance at the booting stage in the genetic background of PL8. The d18‐k isogenic line of the recurrent parent PL8 (D8), PL8, and two commercial cultivars ‘Hayayuki’ and ‘Kirara 397’ were used. For each line/cultivar, the 12°C‐5‐day treatment was conducted at various times during the booting stage. In addition to spikelet fertility, the ratio (%) of the fertilized‐spikelet number of each treated panicle to the varietal mean of fertilized‐spikelet number per panicle in the control (FS‐T/C) was adopted to estimate cool temperature damage. For FS‐T/C, the lines‐cultivars ranked in the order of D8 > PL8 > ‘Hayayuki’ > ‘Kirara 397’, reflecting their cool tolerances. D8 exceeded PL8 in both pollen grain number per anther in the control and as an indicator of pollen fertility after the treatment, as a result of the effects of d18‐k. Consequently, d18‐k can be used to develop super‐highly cool‐tolerant cultivars for cool‐weather areas. 相似文献
9.
RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the sex expression locus M in asparagus 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Bulk segregant analysis (BSA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR)
methods were used to map molecular markers to the sex locus M of asparagus. Two parents, A19 (male, Mm) and MW25 (female,
mm), and 63 progeny were used for the study. Two DNA bulks, one male and one female, were made by pooling equal amounts of
DNA from 10 randomly selected progeny of each sex type. A total of 760 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primers were used
for RAPD analysis. Primer OPC15 produced two RAPD markers, OPC15-98 and OPC15-30, both of which were linked to the M locus
at a distance of 1.6 cM. Subsequently, amplified RAPD fragment OPC15-98 was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was then used
to design flanking 24-mer oligonucleotide SCAR primers SCC15-1 and SCC15-2. Both of these SCAR primers amplified a single
980 bp fragment; the same size as the cloned RAPD fragment. However, the SCAR marker was dominant as was the original OPC15-98
band from which it was derived. These RAPD and SCAR markers could be used for scoring male and female progeny in the mapping
population, but were not found to be applicable to other asparagus germplasm studied.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Summary Extensive pollinations were made in attempts to produce selected intergeneric or interspecific hybrids using Nicotiana and Petunia species that exhibit potential for somatic hybridization. Pollination between pairs of species was done by standard and bud-pollination methods. Nicotiana alata or N. tabacum when pollinated reciprocally with selected Petunia species failed to produce hybrids. Likewise, no interspecific hybrids were obtained between Petunia parviflora and 4 Petunia species or P. hybrida. The type of incongruity existing between these species is discussed in relation to the production of hybrids by standard In vitro techniques as compared to somatic hybridization.On leave from the Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan, USA. supported by a European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) fellowship and The Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation, N. Y., USA.Supported by the Agricultural Research Council. 相似文献