光照对箭筈豌豆及其子代生长和繁殖特性的影响

光照不仅会影响植物自身的生长,也可能会对其子代的生长具有潜在作用。以箭筈豌豆品种兰箭1号和兰箭3号为材料,分析遮荫和自然光照下箭筈豌豆及其子代的生长特性。结果表明:光照对箭筈豌豆生长和繁殖特性的影响因基因型而异。与光照条件相比,遮荫显著降低兰箭1号生物量及茎叶比,但对繁殖分配的比例影响不显著。与此相反,遮荫对兰箭3号的生长与繁殖无显著影响;母本光照环境对箭筈豌豆子代生长特性具有一定程度的影响,且这种影响因子代植株生长的光照环境而异。当子代在遮荫环境下,母本环境显著影响兰箭1号分枝数、地上生物量、总生物量、地上/地下生物量以及兰箭3号的分枝数。但当子代在光照环境下生长时,除兰箭3号分枝数外,其他生长特性均不受母本环境影响。     

Cuticular protein gene LmACP8 is involved in wing morphogenesis in the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

Cuticular proteins(CPs) are major components of the insect cuticle-associated organs such as integument and wings, although the importance of CPs for wing development and function in hemimetabolous insects remains understudied. In the present study, a wing cuticular protein LmACP8 was identified from Locusta migratoria, which belongs to the RR-2 subfamily of cuticular protein RR consensus(CPR) chitin-binding proteins. LmACP8 was mainly expressed in the wing pads and showed high expression levels before ecdysis of third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar nymphs, with its encoded protein located in the procuticle of wing pads and adult wings. Depletion of LmACP8 by RNA interference markedly reduced the amount of its protein, which consequently caused abnormal wing morphogenesis in the transition from nymph to adult of L. migratoria. We further demonstrated that the abnormal morphogenesis was caused by severe damage of the endocuticle in the wings. LmACP8 was suppressed by 20-hydroxyecdysone(20 E) in vivo, however, its expression was significantly up-regulated after knocking down the hormone receptor gene LmHR39. Thus, the LmACP8 that is negatively regulated by the LmHR39-mediated 20 E signaling pathway is involved in wing development during the nymph to adult transition.     

重庆市丘陵山区农业机械化发展研究

从重庆市农业机械化建设的现状及意义出发,指出重庆市农业机械化建设中面临的挑战,介绍了重庆市发展农业机械化的主要措施,并针对目前存在的问题提出了对应的建议。     

人血栓调节蛋白基因的表达及转基因小鼠的建立

用PCR方法从人的基因组DNA中扩增了人血栓调节蛋白（hTM)基因，将其克隆到带有人EF－1α启动子的pEF-neo哺乳动物表达载体上，得到表达质粒pEF-TM。在转染pEF-TM的COS－1细胞中，hTM得到了瞬时表达，并且正确地定位到细胞膜上。用pEF-TM转染猪内皮细胞（PEC），经G418筛先得到稳定转染的克隆。凝血活性测定结果显示，表达hTM的PEC凝血时间明显延长，表明其抗凝血能力增强。通过显微注射方法，得到了1只F0代hTM转基因小鼠。Southern杂交结果表明，该转基因小鼠整合了9个拷贝的pEF-TM DNA,并能将外源DNA遗传给后代。     

利用生物工程提高乳锌含量技术

文章利用生物转化工程原理将硫酸锌加入牛饲料间接强化牛乳进行了试验观察,效果转好。强化后牛乳无外观质量变化,乳锌经一个高峰期四周后处于稳定状态,其含量可满足婴幼儿生长发育的需要。同时,还提出了硫酸锌强化饲料的适量剂量。并就乳牛饲龄、胎次、体重、产乳期对乳锌的影响和强化方法进行了探讨分析。通过此项研究,为解决目前缨幼儿缺锌问题,开发了一个吸收率高、副作用小、安全可靠的补锌源。     

中国斜纹夜蛾寄生蜂名录

根据浙江大学应用昆虫学研究所收藏的寄生蜂标本和国内外报道，对我国寄生斜纹夜蛾的原寄生蜂和重寄生蜂进行系统整理研究。我出我国斜纹夜蛾寄生蜂40种，其中包括原寄生蜂29种，重寄生蜂11种，同时还以附录的形式列出了我国已报道过但有存疑的寄生蜂7种及国外已有报道但在我国还未采集到标本的寄生蜂61种。     

蚕粪中提取叶绿素铜钠盐的稳定性研究

以蚕粪为原料,95%的乙醇为溶剂提取叶绿素,并通过化学法制得叶绿素的铜纳盐。采用721分光光度计对叶绿素铜钠盐进行定性、定量测定,确定该色素测定系统中的最大波长为414nm。通过测量吸光值研究了几种常用食品添加剂对叶绿素铜钠盐稳定性的影响,并对其耐光、耐热、耐酸碱及耐氧化性、耐还原性进行探讨。结果表明:叶绿素铜钠盐在70℃以下稳定性较好;光照对叶绿素铜钠盐稳定性的影响较大;还原剂(Na2S2O3)对叶绿素铜钠盐稳定性的影响较大,氧化剂在短时间内对其稳定性的影响不大,但放置的时间不宜超过30min;叶绿素铜钠盐在pH值为6以上的溶液中较为稳定,且有机酸及单糖对其稳定性无明显影响。     

Improvements of TKC Technology Accelerate Isolation of Transgene-Free CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Rice Plants

Elimination of the CRISPR/Cas9 constructs in edited plants is a prerequisite for assessing genetic stability, conducting phenotypic characterization, and applying for commercialization of the plants. However, removal of the CRISPR/Cas9 transgenes by genetic segregation and by backcross is laborious and time consuming. We previously reported the development of the transgene killer CRISPR (TKC) technology that uses a pair of suicide genes to trigger self-elimination of the transgenes without compromising gene editing efficiency. The TKC technology enables isolation of transgene-free CRISPR-edited plants within a single generation, greatly accelerating crop improvements. Here, we presented two new TKC vectors that show great efficiency in both editing the target gene and in undergoing self-elimination of the transgenes. The new vectors replaced the CaMV35S promoter used in our previous TKC vector with two rice promoters to drive one of the suicide genes, providing advantages over our previous TKC vector under certain conditions. The vectors reported here offered more options and flexibility to conduct gene editing experiments in rice.     

树冠喷雾防治杨扇舟蛾试验

采用纱笼法,分析了3种农药(灭虫灵、吡虫啉、敌杀死)防治杨扇舟蛾的效果。结果表明,4 000倍和6 000倍灭虫灵效果最好,在施药48h后,幼虫死亡率达到了100%;其次为敌杀死,施药72 h后幼虫死亡率达到了93.19%。从节约成本,保护环境的角度考虑,3种药剂的施用顺序是灭虫灵6 000倍液、灭虫灵4 000倍液,敌杀死2 000倍液。     

不同施肥处理对青萝卜产量和品质的影响

以"绿翡翠"青萝卜为试材,采用田间试验方法,研究了不同施肥处理对青萝卜肉质根长度和粗度、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、产量、品质及经济效益指标的影响,以期筛选出冀西北坝上地区青萝卜生产中适宜的施肥量.结果 表明:各施肥处理均能促进青萝卜根的生长,但以处理3、处理4的效果更明显;收获时,处理3、处理4的根鲜质量明显高于CK,二者的根干质量较CK分别增加了25.67％、24.75％,叶绿素含量和净光合速率较CK分别提高了12.64％、11.68％和16.23％、12.59％,二者之间没有显著差异.处理4的生物产量、经济产量和经济效益较CK分别提高了15.00％、15.74％和20.31％;以处理4的维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量最高,较CK分别提高了16.20％,27.27％和6.98％,处理4肉质根中亚硝酸盐含量则较CK降低了22.26％;处理3的经济产量、经济效益略高于处理4,二者差异也不明显.综上,在冀西北坝上地区青萝卜生产中,处理4能够达到促进青萝卜生长、增强光合作用、提高青萝卜产量和经济效益、改善青萝卜品质的目的 ,因此,处理4是适合冀西北坝上地区青萝卜的施肥方案.