稀土对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊瘤胃发酵,消化代谢及其生产性能的影响

实验１用４只安装永久性瘤胃漏管的阿尔巴斯白绒山羊（母），进行瘤胃消化代谢试验；实验２用６只成年母绒山羊进行消化代谢试验；试验３选用同品种成年妊娠母羊进行放牧补饲实验。实验１得出，稀土的使用可促进瘤胃内ＮＨ３－Ｎ的利用；细菌数比对照组提高３５．６７％；丙酸产量提高２８．６３％。实验２得出，稀土可提高绒山羊日粮ＤＭ、ＯＭ、ＧＥ及ＡＤＦ消化率，分别为１１．５８％、１２．２７％、１６．６９％和２６．２９％；每日氮存留率比对照组提高１８０．１％。实验３得出，稀土组产绒量比对照组提高８．９０％。     

苓桂术甘汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的防治作用

将15日龄艾维茵肉鸡分成5组,一组在常温(21±1)℃下饲养,作为正常对照组(N);其余4组在低温(11±1)℃下饲养以诱发腹水综合征,其中模型对照组(C)不给任何药物,维生素组(V)饮水中添加VC(0.5 g/L)和VE(0.1 g/L),2个试验组(T1和T2)分别给予不同剂量(0.4和0.8 mL/kg bw)的苓桂术甘汤。结果显示,C组的腹水发病率、腹水心脏指数(AHI)、红细胞压积(PCV)、红细胞数、血红蛋白(Hb)及丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(-αHBDH)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)均显著高于N组;而3种抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]的活性则显著降低;2个试验组及V组的上述检测指数都得到明显改善,表明苓桂术甘汤能增强肉鸡的抗氧化能力,具有防治肉鸡腹水综合征的作用。     

福建山樱花试管苗生根条件的优化

采用L8（4×2^4）正交设计,分析IBA、基本培养基、蔗糖、活性炭4个因素以及暗培养对福建山樱花试管苗生根的影响。结果表明IBA、基本培养基、活性炭及暗培养是影响试管苗生根的主要因素,福建山樱花试管苗较佳生根条件为1／2MS＋IBA0．6mg／L十蔗糖15g/L,暗培养4d。     

中国北方引种的部分越橘品种的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对我国北方引种的15份越橘(Vaccinium spp.)栽培品种进行了遗传多样性分析。从70条随机引物中筛选出15条引物,共扩增出94个位点,其中多态性位点83个(88.3%)。材料间遗传相似系数变化为0.5426～0.8936,表明各品种间具有一定的遗传差异。UPGMA聚类分析结果可将供试材料分为2大类、5个亚类。聚类结果与各品种的杂交系谱相对应,从分子水平揭示了品种间的亲缘关系。     

肠道免疫屏障功能损伤的研究进展

肠黏膜免疫屏障作为肠屏障中的第一道防线,有效地保护肠黏膜的完整性,使其不受有害病原体的感染。但在肠黏膜缺血、缺氧、肠道细菌移位、肠内营养障碍、细胞凋亡等状态下,肠黏膜免疫屏障将出现一系列生理和病理变化,导致肠黏膜萎缩和通透性增大。为此,文章从几种损伤机制的角度,对造成肠道免疫屏障损伤的因素及其作用机理作一综述。     

米尔贝霉素类似物的合成及杀螨杀蚜活性

为寻找高活性的米尔贝霉素衍生物,以伊维菌素为原料,经脱糖、羟基保护、氧化、还原胺化、脱保护等将其转变为13-氨基米尔贝霉素类似物,通过三组分反应设计合成了一系列米尔贝霉素磺酰脒类化合物(7a~7i),并初步测定了其对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus和豆蚜Aphis craccivora的室内活性。结果表明:各衍生物对朱砂叶螨和豆蚜均有较好的触杀活性,其中7f、7h和7i对朱砂叶螨24 h的LC50值分别为1.04×10–2、9.60×10–4和1.44×10–2 mg/L;7i对豆蚜24 h的LC50值为7.81 mg/L。米尔贝霉素13位氨基上磺酰化的结构修饰有助于提高米尔贝霉素类化合物的杀螨、杀蚜活性。     

玉米抗粗缩病遗传及分子标记研究

Maize rough dwarf disease caused by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by planthopper in China. Identification and development of resistant hybrids are complicated because of the inconsistencies in viral disease pressure every year. Marker-assisted selection can provide means for main-taining virus resistance alleles even in the absence of disease. In this paper a F₂ segregation population was constructed to identity the molecular markers linked to the resistance gene using a cross between a resistant and a susceptible parents (Qi319×Ye107). Fifteen-day-old seedlings of F₂ population were exposed to small brown planthoppers carrying RBSDV for 3 days in specific inoculation chamber. The inoculated plants were transplanted to screenhouse after removing the insects completely. In plant maturity stage the disease resistance of all the individuals were visually assessed. The results showed that 17, 8, 11, 51 and 122 plants were scaled from 0-4 respectively, in which 0 means no symptoms and 4 represents highly susceptible. Chi-square test demonstrated that the segregation ratio of phenotype was 1∶15 (resistant: susceptible) or 1∶6∶9 (resistant∶moderate∶susceptible) in the F₂ population, indicating RBSDV resistance of maize was controlled by two recessive genes. The F₂ individuals DNA were extracted and 261 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers derived from maize genome ten chromosomes were selected from maize GDB database to construct genetic linkage map. The linkage map consisted of 71 polymorphic SSR markers, spanning a genetic distance of 996.6 cM with an average interval of 14.0 cM between adjacent markers. The resistant and susceptible gene pools were set up for BSA (bulked segregant analysis) and 6 polymorphism markers were obtained with BSA-SSR method between the two pools. The F₂individuals were further analyzed with 6 polymorphism markers. Chi-square test showed that phi 051, umc1407 and umc1432, mapped on chromosome 7 and 10, exhibited segregation distortion significantly and very significantly in susceptible individuals. These three SSR markers were identified as potential markers linked to the resistant loci.     

MircoRNA156家族在小麦非生物胁迫中的表达分析

MircoRNA (miRNA)作为一类20碱基左右的非编码RNA,它在转录水平调控基因的表达,在植物抗逆境胁迫的调节网络中发挥了重要作用.通过对小麦miRNAs的研究,可以扩展小麦抵抗自然灾害的途径,减少损失.有报道表明miR156作为保守的miRNA在多种植物中参与到抗逆反应[1],Xin等[2]发现不同小麦品种的miR156在不同时间点分别受到白粉菌和热胁迫的诱导,尽管对miR156家族个别成员的研究已经有了相关报道,但对小麦miR156的整个家族的报道较少,对它们在小麦受到非生物胁迫网络中发挥的作用还不清楚.本研究拟明确小麦中miR156家族成员,并选取机械伤害、冷害和对植物损害较大的UV-B三种处理方法,探索miR156家族成员在不同的非生物胁迫中的作用.     

玉米粗缩病抗性遗传研究

 本文选用3个抗病自交系(齐319、X178、沈137)和3个感病自交系(掖107、掖478、沈5003)按照NCII交配设计配制9套杂交组合研究了玉米抗粗缩病遗传规律。2009-2010年在曲阳、保定采用田间自然发病方法鉴定亲本、F₁、F₂群体的玉米粗缩病抗性,并采用灰飞虱人工接种方法鉴定亲本材料的抗病性。运用QGA station 软件的加性-显性-上位性(ADAA)遗传模型进行数据分析,结果表明,显性效应和加性效应是控制玉米粗缩病抗性的主要遗传组分,分别占表型变异的44.8%和13.1%,杂合显性效应表现负向杂种优势,抗病育种可加以利用。加性×加性上位性效应在玉米自交系和杂交组合抗粗缩病遗传中普遍存在,但因材料不同而表现负向或正向效应。玉米粗缩病抗性易受环境影响,显性与环境互作效应方差占表型方差的比率为39.8%,达到极显著水平。因此,培育抗粗缩病玉米品种应依据基因型选配适当的亲本材料,抗病品种宜进行多年多点鉴定筛选。