家禽冷应激研究进展

冷应激是养禽业普遍存在的问题,对家禽生产性能、抗病的影响日益严重,对家禽冷应激的研究也在不断深入。本文对家禽冷应激时下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质激素、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的激素(T3、T4和T4/T3)、胰岛素和胰高血糖素、血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量、肥大细胞、血液淋巴细胞数量等改变进行了综述,提出了冷应激的预防和治疗措施。通过各品种家禽在冷应激时的不同的神经-内分泌的变化规律、体内各种酶变化规律及其基因表达,培育出耐寒、抗病、抗应激并具有较高的肉品、蛋品质量的家禽品种,是提高家禽抗应激能力的有效途径。     

新疆小花棘豆对大鼠亚急性毒性及解毒剂解毒效果观察

In order to understand the effect of Oxytropis glabra on the structure of liver tissue and observe the effect of antidote on the detoxification in mice,30 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups,the control group was fed with basal diet, group 1 was fed with basal diet supplemented with Oxytropis glabra,group 2 was gavaged alkaloid solution extracted from Oxytropis glabra,group 3 was fed with basal diet supplemented with Oxytropis glabra and injected antidote into intraperitoneal simultaneously,group 4 was gavaged alkaloid solution extracted from Oxytropis glabra and injected antidote into intraperitoneal simultaneously. The mice were fed in single cage,and the trial lasted for 21 days.The results showed that the different degree of hyperemia and hemorrhage were appeared in liver and kidney tissue of groups 1 and 2.Most of the liver cells in hepatic lobule were swelled and vacuoles degenerated.The organ coefficient analysis showed that there were significant differences （P＜0.05） or extremely significant differences （P＜0.01） between the detoxification groups and the poisoned groups.In couclusion,the antidote had a certain protective effect for liver tissue damage caused by Oxytropis glabra and its alkaloids.     

新疆某猪场不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌对抗生素耐药性调查

为了调查新疆某规模化养猪场不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌对临床常用抗生素的耐药情况,从该猪场分别采集育肥猪、妊娠猪、保育猪和哺乳猪的粪样。试验采用微量肉汤稀释法,对从粪样中分离出的大肠杆菌进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果显示,育肥猪、妊娠猪、保育猪和哺乳猪源大肠杆菌分离率分别为85.2%、83.0%、81.0%和83.0%。不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌均对氨苄西林和阿莫西林/克拉维酸2种抗生素高度耐药,对头孢噻呋都较为敏感。哺乳猪和保育猪源大肠杆菌耐药情况严重,对多种抗生素高度耐药,以5耐为主;妊娠猪源大肠杆菌轻度耐药,以0耐为主;育肥猪源大肠杆菌以3耐为主。不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药程度不同。     

猪硒蛋白W的原核表达及IgY多克隆抗体制备

试验旨在优化硒蛋白W （selenoprotein W，SelW）的原核表达系统，并评估SelW的免疫原性和基于IgY抗体检测猪体内SelW的可行性。将获得的猪SelW基因序列密码子进行优化、合成并连接至pET-32a （+）表达载体中，构建原核表达重组质粒pET32a （+）-SelW，转化E.coli BL21（DE3）宿主菌中，进行IPTG诱导表达，SDS-PAGE鉴定重组猪SelW的表达情况，并免疫产蛋鸡制备抗SelW的IgY多克隆抗体，通过间接ELISA检测IgY抗体滴度，采用Western blotting检测IgY识别抗原的特异性。SDS-PAGE结果显示，SelW基因在原核细胞中成功表达，得到了大小约为33 ku的重组蛋白，IPTG最佳诱导浓度及时间分别为0.5 mmol/L和6 h；可溶性分析结果显示，重组蛋白SelW主要以包涵体形式存在。间接ELISA检测结果显示，免疫后45 d的IgY多克隆抗体的效价可达1：51 200。Western blotting检测结果显示，重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性，所制备的IgY抗体与SelW的亲和力较高。本试验成功构建并优化了SelW蛋白的原核表达系统，提高了SelW蛋白的表达量，获得了具有良好免疫原性的SelW蛋白，制备的IgY抗体能特异性识别猪肌肉组织中的SelW，可用于检测猪组织中SelW的表达、预防硒中毒和缺硒性疾病的监测等，为进一步探究SelW的生物学功能奠定基础。