施肥量与氮肥基追比对西农979产量和品质的效应

为给小麦品种西农979的优质高产栽培提供理论依据,在高、中两种施肥量(高肥:每公顷施纯氮270kg、P2O5 225 kg、K2O 120 kg;中肥:每公顷施纯氮180 kg、P2O5 120 kg、K2O 120 kg)和氮肥7:3、6:4、5:3 :2、10:0四种基追比例(一次追氮在拔节期进行,两次追氮分别在拔节期与孕穗期进行)条件下,研究了施肥量和氮肥基追比例对西农979产量和品质的影响.结果表明,高肥处理产量比中肥处理产量提高9.66%;无论在中肥或高肥条件下,籽粒产量均随氮肥追施比例的增加而提高.施肥量和氮肥基追比例对千粒重的影响较小,对穗粒数的影响居中,对群体穗数的调控作用较大.氮肥基追并施可显著提高成穗率.随施肥量的提高和氮肥追施比例的加大,群体穗数逐渐增加,籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量也有逐渐提高的趋势,但蛋白质含量增幅小,湿面筋含量增幅大.高施肥量下,氮肥基追比例5:3:2,西农979的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量最高,分别达到8 573.5 kg·hm-2、14.97%和32.12%.     

小城镇河流沉积物无机氮迁移循环研究

通过对河流柱状沉积物在通气下和厌气下进行避光短期静置模拟培养试验，研究了小城镇河流底泥-上覆水体系无机氮的迁移特征。结果表明，沉积物有机质降解对NH4的迁移有很大影响，通气和厌气下NH4的迁移均是向上覆水方向，NO3的迁移均是向沉积物方向，由于通气条件和静水环境引起的沉积物无机氮硝化作用和反硝化作用是影响沉积物一水界面体系氮迁移的最重要因素。     

吉林农业大学水稻育种的成就、进展与前景

回顾了吉林农业大学水稻育种的发展历程,水稻育种成就及进展。提出了“十五”期间水稻优质育种和超高产育种的发展战略,使吉林农业大学水稻优质育种和超高育种向以有性杂交及“籼粳架桥”为主、现代生物技术为辅的育种新目标发展。     

Comparison of measurements of canine plasma creatinine, glucose, proteins, urea, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase obtained with Spotchem SP 4430 and Vitros 250 analyzers

The suitability of the Spotchem 4430 benchtop biochemistry analyzer for canine blood samples was tested for creatinine, glucose, proteins, urea, alkaline phosphatases and alanine aminotransferase. Results obtained from whole blood and corresponding heparin plasma were identical except for proteins which were higher in plasma (n=10). Between series imprecision (n=10) was <5% for substrates and <10% for enzymes. Comparison of results from 100 Li-heparin samples with those measured with a Vitros 250 analyzer showed good correlation (r>0.93). The slopes of the Passing-Bablock's regression ranged from 0.90 to 1.20 and intercepts were low. The mean biases were low, except for creatinine for which the results obtained by Spotchem (Jaffe reaction) were about 20 micromol/L higher than with the Vitros (enzymatic reaction). The results of this study show that the Spotchem analyzer is suitable for use in canine whole blood or plasma when small numbers of tests are to be performed and large analyzers are not available.     

Plasma clearance

Plasma (total, systemic...) clearance is determined by all the individual metabolizing/eliminating organ clearances and involves mainly liver and kidney clearances. Plasma clearance (a volume per time, i.e. a flow) expresses the overall ability of the body to eliminate a drug by scaling the drug elimination rate (amount per time) by the corresponding plasma concentration level. The interpretation of plasma clearance and inter-species comparisons are made easier by computing the overall body extraction ratio (from 0 to 1), which is the ratio of the body clearance divided by cardiac output. Plasma clearance is the most important pharmacokinetic parameter because it is the only one which controls the overall drug exposure (for a given bioavailability) and it is the parameter which allows computation of the dosage required to maintain an average steady-state plasma concentration.     

Impact of early versus later fluoroquinolone treatment on the clinical; microbiological and resistance outcomes in a mouse-lung model of Pasteurella multocida infection

The early curative uses of antimicrobial drugs such as fluoroquinolones before the onset of symptoms in veterinary medicine may be regarded as irrational antibiotic consumption. However, it should be stressed that in early curative antimicrobial treatment as in metaphylaxis, the bacterial burden at the infection site is often very low, and so the rapid eradication of the bacterial population could result. We investigated the impact of early versus later curative administrations of 1 or 40 mg/kg of marbofloxacin on the survival of mice, the eradication of the targeted pathogen and the selection of resistant bacteria in a mouse lung infection with Pasteurella multocida. In this model, for a given marbofloxacin dose, the clinical and bacteriological outcomes were better, and the selection of resistance less frequent, for the early rather than for the late treatment. Moreover, the early administration of 1mg/kg led to better clinical and similar bacteriological (eradication and selection of resistance) outcomes than the late administration of 40 mg/kg marbofloxacin. Our results suggest that the optimal doses for the animals' cure could be lower when administered early during the time course of the infection than when administered after the disease outbreak. As the main argument against early treatments such as metaphylaxis is the possible enhancement of resistance at the gut level, further studies should assess if lower doses of antibiotic administered to all the animals of a herd could have less impact on the commensal digestive flora than higher doses only administered to animals showing clinical symptoms.     

花斑皮蠹生物学研究及幼虫密度对化蛹的影响

为搞清楚花斑皮蠹的生物学特性和幼虫密度与化蛹的关系,对花斑皮蠹采用室内 饲养和系 统观察。结果表明,（1）在相对湿度为（75±3）%,温度为35℃、32.8℃、27.8℃、2 2.8℃、17.8℃的 条件下,花斑皮蠹的蛹期分别为（3.97±0.91） 、（4.07±0.88）、（5.13±0.89）、 （9.41±1.49）、（18. 8±4.3）d,成虫产卵前期分别为（2.14±0.69）、（2.25±0.59）、（2.43±0.92）、 （4.53±2.34） 、 （ 17.23 ±5.65）d,卵期分别为（5.59±0.49）、（5.9±0.97） 、（8.85±1.04）、 （13.79±1.0） 、（28.6 ± 0.26 ） d,蛹平均羽化率为（98.7±0.4）%,每雌虫平均产卵量为（53.6±5.8）粒, 卵平均孵化率为 （82.8±3.7）%;（2）羽化后的成虫取食蜂蜜后其寿命相应延长,未交尾的雌虫寿命长 于雄虫,而交 尾后则相反;（3）虫口密度越大末龄幼虫化蛹历期越长;（4）雌雄性比为1.0∶1.1。     

Nitrogen:sulphur ratio alters competition between Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne under cutting: Production and competitive abilities

Grasslands species, like others crops, no longer benefit from high atmospheric sulphur deposition. This may cause sulphur limitation and in turn may induce a shift in plant communities by altering species performance and competitive abilities. To test this hypothesis, a greenhouse pot experiment was designed to investigate the interacting effects of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) availability on production, morphology and competitive abilities of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plants were grown in monocultures and mixtures during 4 months. They were supplied with combinations of three levels of S and three levels of N and subjected to three defoliation events. Both S and N gradients altered plants performance and modulated competitive interactions. In L. perenne, above- and below-ground dry matter production, leaf and tiller number and contribution to mixture DM production were little affected by S, but highly by N. For T. repens, these traits were significantly increased by S, but only slightly by N. At establishment, T. repens was subjected to a significant interspecific competition at low N–low S and high N–high S. But at regrowth (cuts 2 and 3), T. repens was much more affected by intra- than interspecific competition. L. perenne was only sensitive to competition (intraspecific) when N supply was combined with no or moderate S supply. We conclude that N:S ratio of soil appears to drive species production, morphology and competitive abilities, which in turn affect leguminous–gramineous species ratio and grassland plant community structure. Since the growth of T. repens was significantly reduced in low S treatments, our results suggest that the drastic fall in atmospheric sulphur deposition could restrict leguminous species in high N soil conditions.     

LYC-b基因反义表达对番茄果实番茄红素含量的影响

【目的】研究番茄红素β-环化酶(LYC-b)基因反义表达对番茄果实中番茄红素含量的影响,为番茄品质育种提供新方法。【方法】以番茄品种"TTI1117A"和"灵光3号"为材料,构建了分别由CaMV35S启动子驱动的GUS标记基因和反义LYC-b5′基因双价植物表达载体,通过农杆菌GV3101介导,将基因整合到番茄基因组中,采用GUS、PCR以及RT-PCR、Northern杂交进行检测,并测定了转基因植株果实中的番茄红素含量。【结果】由GUS、PCR检测结果可知,筛选出1株"TTI1117A"和4株"灵光3号"转基因植株;RT-PCR、Northern杂交检测结果表明,目的基因在RNA水平上已经表达;对番茄果实中番茄红素含量的测定结果表明,转基因植株果实中番茄红素含量均高于未转基因植株。【结论】LYC-b基因的反义表达具有提高番茄果实中番茄红素含量的作用。     

A multicentric retrospective study of serum/plasma urea and creatinine concentrations in dogs using univariate and multivariate decision rules to evaluate diagnostic efficiency

BACKGROUND: Urea and creatinine are the most frequently used indirect markers in plasma and serum of glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Both have been shown to lack sensitivity but their diagnostic efficiency for the diagnosis of kidney disease has been minimally investigated. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of possible factors of variation on both analytes and to determine whether specific decision rules should be drawn up for subpopulations of dogs. METHODS: The results of urea and creatinine measurements, breed, sex, age, and health status (healthy, renal disease, or nonrenal disease) of 3822 dogs were collected from the archives of 5 veterinary clinics. Data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate decision rules with and without adjustment. RESULTS: There were significant effects and interactions of almost all of the sources of variation. Slight improvements in diagnostic efficiency were obtained by adjusting the decision rules to these sources of variations. Univariate decision rules gave approximately the same diagnostic efficiency for urea and creatinine concentrations, with sensitivity and specificity in the range of 70% and 90%, respectively, using the upper limit of the reference interval as the threshold value. Multivariate decision rules provided only minor improvements in diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous measurement of both urea and creatinine is of limited diagnostic value over the analysis of a single variable. Creatinine is the preferred analyte as it is affected by fewer extrarenal factors of variation.