河北省桑属植物染色体倍数性研究

研究了桑属植物５个种３２个品种的染色体倍数性，发现宽城１０号等９个品种为三倍体（２ｎ＝３ｘ＝４２），其余为二倍体（２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２８）。     

特种脱水蔬菜研究进展

综述了国内外特种脱水蔬菜的生产状况和趋势，特种脱水蔬菜的加工技术，特种脱水蔬菜生产成果及展望。     

红阳猕猴桃全红芽变系的RAPD分析

 以10 bp 的随机引物, 通过PCR 技术对猕猴桃全红芽变系86-3 及对照品种红阳的基因组DNA进行扩增, 以探讨芽变系遗传物质的变化。以86-3 母株与红阳为材料对300 条单引物进行了筛选, 得到在两个样品间的扩增有多态性片段10 条引物( S107、S84、S157、S27、S188、AY17、AY5、R11、AV9、AM11) 。10 条引物共扩增出148 个片段, 多态性片段为20 个, 占13.5 %。两样品间相似系数为0.7619 , 遗传距离为0.1429 , 表明86-3 果肉颜色的变化与遗传物质的改变密切相关。用4 种引物S107、S84、S157、AY17 分别对芽变系单株及对照进行RAPD 扩增, 不同树龄、不同砧木的芽变单株与对照间的特异性片段同引物筛选中所得结果一致, 可用所得引物对全红芽变系嫁接株的果肉颜色进行早期预测。     

茶枝屑代料栽培黑木耳配方

以废弃的茶枝条为黑木耳的栽培原料,通过添加不同比例的茶枝屑,研究不同比例茶枝屑配方对黑木耳栽培中菌丝、耳基、子实体生长情况、产量及营养品质的影响,旨在探索利用茶枝屑栽培黑木耳的可行性,为废弃茶枝条的资源化利用提供参考依据.结果 表明:配方2单产最高为40.83 g,菌丝生长速度最慢为2.69 mm·d-1,子实体最密集,朵形偏小;配方1单产为36.97 g,菌丝生长速度为3.01 mm·d-1,子实体较稀疏,朵形中等;配方3单产为36.7 g,菌丝生长速度为3.03 mm·d-1,长势较密集,朵形较大;CK的单产最低为35.27 g,菌丝生长速度为3.01 mm· d-1,子实体稀疏.在营养价值方面CK最低,配方3粗蛋白和粗多糖含量最高,分别为18.07％和4.80％;配方1粗纤维和灰分含量最高,分别为6.59％和3.83％.     

Effect of Timing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). I. Growth Dynamics and Seed Yield

The field experiments conducted on the grey‐brown podzolic soil in the four growing seasons (1998–2001) at Krzeslice Farm, central‐western Poland comprised seven fertilization variants: 80_NF + 80_CAN; 80_CAN + 80_CAN; 80_AN + 80_AN; 80_NF + 50_CAN + 30_CN; 80_CAN + 50_CAN +30_CN; 80_AN + 50_AN + 30_CN (where NF – nitrofos NPK; CAN – calcium‐ammonium nitrate; AN – ammonium nitrate; CN – calcium nitrate) and control (without N) applied in split rates at the beginning of spring regrowth (80 kg N ha^?1), stem elongation (80 or 50) and flower buds visible stages (30). The yielding effect of tested fertilization variants was significant in comparison with the control (2.24 t ha^?1). The highest mean seed yield (3.64 t ha^?1) was collected from 80_AN + 80_AN and 80_CAN + 80_CAN variants. Mean values of 4 years indicate that the second N rate division (80 + 50 + 30) decreased yield, although not significantly in comparison with these two N treatments. Plants grown on these treatments have developed different patterns of growth to yield the seeds. These patterns were characterized by very high crop growth rate during flowering (above 21 g m^?2 day^?1) and negative at maturation (down to ?2.5 g m^?2 day^?1). Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate (80_AN + 80_AN) reached maximum growth rate earlier (65 days), which lasted longer (20 days) than plants fertilized with calcium‐ammonium nitrate (71 days lasting 17.5 days). Plants grown on the control treatment reached the highest crop growth rate within 79 days (14.8 g m^?2 day^?1), which lasted 15 days.     

Seminal plasma composition and its relationship with physical spermatological parameters of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) semen: with emphasis on sperm motility

In this research, the mineral and organic composition of the seminal plasma, physical spermatological parameters and their physiological relationships were investigated in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The seminal plasma contained 98.14±5.23 mM L^?1 (Na⁺), 380.85±25.95 mM L^?1 (K⁺), 30.25±4.96 mg dL^?1 (Ca²⁺), 19.16±1.70 mEq L^?1 (Mg²⁺), 1.36±0.11 mg dL^?1 glucose, 0.37±0.08 g dL^?1 total protein, 12.02±1.18 mg dL^?1 cholesterol, 14.85±1.50 mg dL^?1 triglyceride and 43.5±9.56 mg dL^?1 urea. The following spermatological parameters were found: sperm volume 14.44±1.16 mL, sperm motility 80.60±1.55%, movement duration 67.68±4.32 s, density 15.43±0.72 × 10⁹ mL^?1, total density 337.43+45.86 × 10⁹ and pH 7.24±0.17. The Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions correlated negatively with spermatozoa motility (r=?0.453, P>0.05 and r=?0.192, P>0.05) respectively. The K⁺ ion correlated positively with spermatozoa motility (r=0.545, P>0.05). But a statistically significant correlation was not observed between sperm motility and seminal plasma parameters. The following correlations were observed between mineral and organic components. The Mg²⁺ was positively correlated with glucose and cholesterol (r=0.692, P<0.05 and r=0.680, P<0.05) respectively. A highly significant positive relationship was also found between Mg²⁺ and total protein (r=0.837, P<0.01). On the other hand, a significantly negative relationship was found between Ca²⁺ and triglyceride (r=?0.639, P<0.05). These parameters should be considered when developing procedures for either artificial fertilization or for cryopreservation of grass carp sperm.     

利用SSR快速鉴别花生杂交F1真伪

本研究,我们以6个花生品种为亲本配置杂交组合,田间调查发现亲本间形态表型差异大的杂交F1容易鉴别真伪,而形态表型差异小的则难于鉴别,甚至无法鉴别。为此,我们通过改良Thomson一步法制备DNA模板,建立了一套花生SSR-PCR快速检测体系,并在此基础上利用SSR鉴别花生杂交F1真伪。结果表明,采用Thomson一步法和改良后的一步法提取的DNA模版均能扩展出清晰条带,但改良后制备的DNA模板在4℃下可保存约1个月,未改良的仅能保存一天。利用SSR检测上述群体表明,F1真杂种率为38%～56%,不同亲本间杂交成功率存在差异,同一亲本正反交成功率也存在一定差异。可见,SSR标记用于杂种真伪鉴定具有一定的应用潜力。     

新沂市丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用灌溉调度优化研究

雨水集蓄利用是近年来缺水型山丘区补充水源的有效措施之一,成为促进当地农业经济发展和农民脱贫致富奔小康的根本途径,其理论研究尚需进一步探讨和完善.该文结合新沂市山丘区雨水集蓄利用规划的实例,采用自优化模拟模型对其雨水利用灌溉调度进行了优化研究,达到了预期目的,实现了丘陵山区雨水集蓄利用灌溉系统的优化调度过程.     

黄瓜数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势关系的研究

探讨数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势的关系,为黄瓜新品种的选育提供理论依据。选择5份黄瓜自交系材料作为母本,6份黄瓜自交系材料作为父本,按半双列杂交法配制出29个杂交组合,对11份黄瓜自交系材料的7个数量性状进行杂种优势分析和聚类分析,并研究数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势的关系。研究结果表明,各数量性状均有不同程度的正向杂种优势,其中株高、结瓜数和单株产量的杂种优势最为明显,而单果重、主蔓20节内雌花数、果实长和果实粗的杂种优势比较微弱。11份黄瓜自交系被分为3大类群,地理远近与遗传距离之间并不存在必然的联系。结瓜数的中亲优势指数和杂种优势指数、果实长和果实粗的中亲优势指数及单株产量的超亲优势指数与亲本遗传距离之间存在显著的相关关系,而株高、单株产量的中亲优势指数和杂种优势指数与亲本遗传距离之间存在极显著的相关关系,大部分数量性状的杂种优势都随着遗传距离的增大而增大。在进行黄瓜种质资源评价时,不能以地理关系作为唯一标准;在进行黄瓜杂交育种时,可根据育种目标,适当选择较大的遗传距离来获得杂种优势。     

名优百合的繁殖与复壮

以东方百合Ｃａｓａｂｌａｎｃａ的退化种球为实验材料,首先将鳞茎为内外层分别剥取,扦插基质为东北产硬杂木刨花和泥炭＋沙。外界条件下２０℃恒温避光和９～３０℃变温自然光。在变温自然光条件下,又分别采用不同浓度的ＡＢＴ生根粉处理。扦插１０２ｄ后的结果是：２０℃恒温避光条件下,无论基质如何,外层鳞片的扦插效果明显好于内层鳞片;ＡＢＴ生根粉有利于鳞片生根,而对于小鳞茎的发生有抑制作用;外层鳞片无论什么基质,