High frequency embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from mature caryposis of big bluestem and little bluestem

Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michaux) Nash.] are native to the North America and are important forage grasses and ornamental grasses. Both grasses are proposed as ideal biomass producers for cellulosic ethanol production. To apply genetic transformation, which is an important tool for incorporating desirable agronomic traits into plants to both species, however requires an efficient and reproducible regeneration protocol. We used mature caryopses from big and little bluestem as explants and tested the effect of various combinations of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 mg l⁻¹) and kinetin (KT) (0, 0.1 or 0.2 mg l⁻¹) on embryogenic callus induction with LS as the basal medium. The highest percentage of embryogenic calli induction occurred on medium containing 2, 4-D alone at 2 mg l⁻¹ for ‘Bison’ and on medium containing 4 mg l⁻¹ 2, 4-D alone for ‘Bonilla’ big bluestem. For little bluestem, the highest percentage of embryogenic callus induction occurred on medium containing 3 mg l⁻¹ 2, 4-D plus 0.1 mg l⁻¹ kinetin, suggesting that addition of KT is beneficial. Shoot regeneration took place on LS basal medium without any plant growth regulator for both species, although the addition of KT increased both regeneration frequency and the number of shoots produced per callus. Rooting of shoots reaching about 2 cm long occurred readily with or without α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Rooted plantlets were all successfully established in the soil.     

Influence of all-trans retinoic acid on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from new born rat striatum

AIM: To study the effect and mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on neural stem cell (NSCs) proliferation and differentiation from new born Sprague-Dawley rat striatum. METHODS: NSCs were isolated from the brains of new born Sprague-Dawley rat striatum, and the features of cells were characterized by immunofluorescence staining. The effects of different culture medium on cell cycle distribution and proliferation of NSCs were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). The effects of atRA on differentiation of NSCs were determined by immunofluorescence staining and classified count of differentiated cells. RESULTS: FCM assay indicated that atRA inhibited the proliferation of NSCs. The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase in atRA treatment group was significantly higher than that in control, and the proliferation index (PI) was significantly low. The percentage of neurons differentiated from NSCs in atRA group was 2.5 times of the control group after induced by adding 10% FCS in culture medium. CONCLUSION: atRA counteracts the effects of bFGF on the promotion of mitosis and inhibition of differentiation of NSCs. atRA also promotes NSCs to differentiate into neurons in vitro.     

浅谈提高高寒山区大豆单产的途径

本文分析了限制黑河地区大豆单产提高的原因，其原因是盲目引种、密度不适宜、肥效降低、病虫危害严重及重迎茬问题。提出了提高高寒山区大豆单产的方法。     

Osmolarity,cell volume and proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the relationship between osmolarity, cell volume and cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT method was applied to detect the proliferation ability of the poorly-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell (CNE-2Z) under various osmolarity conditions. The flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle distribution. Cell volume was obtained by the image analysis of living cells and cell viability was determined by the trypan blue assay. RESULTS: Cultivation of cells under the hypertonic conditions of 370 and 440 mOsmol/L increased cell volume by 8.7% and 27.8% and facilitated cell proliferation by 22.2% and 33.9%, respectively. However, hypotonic incubation of cells with osmolarity of 160 and 230 mOsmol/L decreased cell volume by 12.8% and 4.1% and inhibited cell proliferation by 34.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Cell volume was positively correlated with cell proliferation rate. Long-term cultivation of cells under anisotonic conditions did not significantly alter cell cycle distribution, but hypotonic cultivation decreased cell viability. CONCLUSION: Proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was closely correlated with the osmolarity of culture medium and cell volume. Hypotonic cultivation may inhibit cell proliferation by decreasing cell volume to facilitate cell death mechanisms.     

施肥和刈割日期对杂交狼尾草钙、磷、镁含量的影响及其与家畜需要的关系

研究了不同施肥处理和刈割日期对杂交狼尾草Ca、P和Mg含量的影响及其与家畜营养的关系,结果表明,有机肥的施用显著降低了植株Ca含量,对植株P和Mg含量无显著影响;随无机氮施用水平的提高,杂交狼尾草植株Ca和Mg含量显著提高,P含量显著降低;植株Ca、Mg含量均随刈割日期的推迟而显著提高,植株磷含量随刈割日期的推迟呈先降后升的规律;根据NRC推荐的饲养标准(奶牛、肉牛和绵羊),所有处理杂交狼尾草植株Mg含量均能满足家畜的需要,Ca:P为(0.95～2.67):1;利用杂交狼尾草饲喂高产奶牛时,应注意日粮中Ca、P的添加.     

基于AHP分析的晋城市森林康养产业发展研究

森林康养作为一种新产业、新业态,逐渐成为产业融合发展的热点,该产业的发展对于地区经济转型、农村发展、农民增收都将发挥越来越重要的作用。该研究基于晋城市森林康养产业发展现状,运用AHP方法对晋城市森林康养产业发展的优势、劣势、机遇、挑战进行了分析,并针对康养资源富集、专业人才缺乏等优劣势条件,提出了加强森林康养林建设、完善森林康养基础设施和配套服务、加强森林康养人才建设、智慧森林康养技术建设和森林康养品牌化运作等对策建议。     

昆明地区昭觉林蛙种群的繁殖研究

2004年10月～2006年12月观察了昆明地区昭觉林蛙(Rana chaochiaoensis)的产卵期、产卵量、孵化时间、孵化率以及蝌蚪期持续时间等.结果显示,昆明地区昭觉林蛙的产卵期为每年10～11月;产卵量平均为1 859.92粒·团-1;完成胚胎发育期全过程需8～9d;蝌蚪孵化率达99%以上;蝌蚪期持续时间为6个月,Ⅰ期蝌蚪发育历时130d,Ⅱ期蝌蚪发育需42d,从蝌蚪进入第Ⅲ期到观察超过50%的幼蛙登陆为10d左右.昭觉林蛙繁殖时对产卵场的选择条件为足够的水域面积、水温和丰富的水草.     

木材蠕变模拟研究概述

综述树种和材性变异、应力水平、温度、含水率等因素对木材蠕变的影响,介绍分析含水率稳定和变化条件下木材蠕变模拟预测等方面的研究进展情况.我国木材蠕变特别是木材的机械吸附蠕变研究尚缺乏系统性,应综合考虑不同的影响因素对木材蠕变进行充分研究,以建立不同条件下木材蠕变预测的模型,为国内木材蠕变研究及木结构建筑的安全和可靠性设计提供基础.     

不同调酸剂对种植玉米红壤微生物群落的影响

为研究红壤微生物丰度和群落组成对不同调酸剂的响应,分析影响碳/氮关键代谢过程微生物的变化,通过盆栽实验,设置不施肥（CK）、钙镁复合剂（L）、钙镁复合剂配施猪粪（ML）和钙镁复合剂配施秸秆（SL）4个处理,采用宏基因组测序技术,分析土壤细菌、真菌和古菌以及碳/氮代谢关键过程微生物。结果表明：L、ML和SL处理显著提高土壤pH值和交换性钙/镁,显著降低土壤交换性酸。调酸剂增加了细菌优势菌中的变形菌门相对丰度,降低了绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门相对丰度;降低了真菌优势菌中的毛霉菌门相对丰度;增加了古菌优势菌中的广古菌门和深古菌门的相对丰度,降低了奇古菌门的相对丰度。冗余分析结果显示,速效钾是影响土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的主要环境因子,土壤pH和有机碳是影响土壤真菌和古菌群落结构组成的关键因子。碳代谢过程的贡献度方面,变形菌门的贡献度在SL处理中最高,放线菌门和芽单胞菌门的贡献度在ML处理中最高。氮代谢过程中,各处理绿弯菌门对硝化作用的贡献率均超过80%。调酸降低了绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门在反硝化与硝酸盐异化还原过程中的贡献度,L与SL处理的变形菌门贡献度低于ML处理,而ML处理的放线菌门贡献度高于L与SL处...     

高效丰产水稻品种的群体生产特性研究

水稻轻简化栽培要求在较短的生育期获得相对较高的产量,对水稻物质生产的效率提出更高的要求.选择不同类型的杂交稻和常规粳稻品种,对物质生产特征及其生理基础进行分析,探讨高效丰产水稻品种的群体生产特性.结果表明:产量表现较好的现代品种高效和丰产能协同形成,结实期物质日生产量较高,稳定表现在200 kg·hm-2以上.高效丰产...