The plasticity of hematopoietic stem cells and clinical application

Traditional concept has been that hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are tissue-specific stem cells, which are restricted to generate the cell types of the blood and immune system. However, recent studies have shown that there is a higher plasticity of the HSC than previous expected, it can be induced to transdifferentiated into mature cells of other nonhematopoietic organs after transplantation in vivo. In this article, the recent advances in the plasticity of HSC and its potential clinical application are reviewed.     

副猪嗜血杆菌单克隆抗体的制备及其B细胞抗原表位的鉴定

为筛选具有临床诊断价值的副猪嗜血杆菌(H.parasuis)单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究采用H.parasuis 5型强毒株(HPS-5)免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用常规细胞融合技术制备了一株稳定分泌MAb的杂交瘤细胞株。Western blot结果表明该MAb能够特异性识别所有H.parasuis标准菌株;免疫共沉淀技术与蛋白质谱分析显示该MAb所识别的蛋白为ATP结合盒转运蛋白(ABCT)家族的寡肽透过酶(OppA);利用MAb对噬菌体12肽库进行淘选,8个阳性噬菌体克隆展示有"KTPAE-R"保守序列,对应于H.parasuis SH29755株和SH0165株的469位~475位的氨基酸残基。对OppA氨基酸序列比对结果表明H.parasuis与其它10种猪常见细菌病病原序列一致性为9.1%~74.5%,本研究结果为进一步研究H.parasuis感染的病原学诊断建立了良好的基础。     

钾钠离子添加对土土壤团聚体和有机碳矿化的影响

  【目的】  评价单价阳离子对团聚体稳定性和土壤有机碳矿化的影响,为有机肥尤其是粪肥的科学施用提供理论依据。  【方法】  采用恒温培养法,研究了不同钾、钠离子浓度下土壤团聚体的稳定性。供试土壤为土。试验中设置K+梯度分别为120、200、280、370、540 mg/kg;Na+梯度分别为90、180、270 mg/kg;并设置在K+ 370 mg/kg浓度下,添加Na+ 0、90、180、270 mg/kg的各处理;并以不添加钾钠离子的处理为对照。土壤在70%田间持水量下培养,定期取样,直到培养105天结束。监测土壤有机碳的矿化动态,以双库指数模型模拟有机碳的矿化特征,湿筛法测定团聚体稳定性。  【结果】  所有处理中2～0.25 mm和 >2 mm团聚体的比例均显著高于0.25～0.053 mm团聚体和<0.053 mm粉粘粒,分别占总量的42.0%～52.7%和26.0%~38.9%。添加K+、Na+以及同时添加K+和Na+总体上降低了>2 mm团聚体比例,增加了2～0.25 mm团聚体和< 0.053 mm粉黏粒组分比例,从而降低了团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD),钾钠共同作用效果更明显。K+ 120 mg/kg和Na+ 180 mg/kg两个处理显著降低了有机碳累积矿化量,其余单独添加K+或Na+的处理均无显著影响。钾钠共同处理的土壤有机碳累积矿化量随Na+浓度的增大而减小,降幅为1.2%～22.3%。双库指数模型能较好的模拟有机碳的矿化动态。拟合结果表明,所有处理均增加了来源于活性碳库有机碳的矿化量(Ca),降低了除K+540 mg/kg处理外其他处理源于惰性碳库有机碳的矿化量(Cs),且均降低了活性碳库的矿化速率常数(Ka)。同时,所有处理均增加了Ca占总有机碳矿化量的比例(Ra),而降低了Cs的占比(Rs)。冗余分析(RDA)表明,有机碳累积矿化量与GMD显著正相关,与土壤结构稳定性阳离子比值(CROSS)、钠吸附比(SAR)和可交换性钠百分比(ESP)显著负相关。  【结论】  钾、钠离子的累积显著影响了土壤团聚体组成,降低了团聚体MWD和GMD,抑制了惰性有机碳的矿化,提高了活性有机碳的矿化量,这可能是施用钾肥很难提高土壤有机质含量的一个原因。     

小麦–玉米轮作体系长期施肥对塿土微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响

以20年塿土小麦玉米轮作体系长期肥料定位试验为平台,探讨不同施肥模式下土壤化学肥力要素、微生物量碳氮及酶活性的响应。试验包括不施肥（CK）、单施氮肥（N）、氮磷（NP）、磷钾（PK）、氮磷钾（NPK）、NPK+秸秆（SNPK）以及不同量有机肥+NPK（M1NPK、M2NPK）等8种施肥模式。结果表明,与CK相比,长期施用NP提高土壤有机碳含量达34.0%、全氮34.0%、全磷58.5%、速效磷608.9%、微生物量碳23.3%、微生物量氮54.0%、蔗糖酶53.9%、脲酶132.6%、碱性磷酸酶29.9%以及脱氢酶40.9%。长期施用NPK与NP效果相似,钾素效果甚微。作物秸秆还田配合氮磷钾化肥与氮磷钾相比没有明显影响土壤有机碳、氮和磷水平,但是显著提高微生物量碳的含量（29.5%）、碱性磷酸酶（23.0%）和脱氢酶（26.9%）的活性。有机肥配合氮磷钾与其它施肥处理相比,显著提升土壤化学肥力要素、微生物量碳氮和酶活性,特别是引起了磷素的大量富集（速效磷含量大于150 mg/kg）。因此,塿土不施有机物情况下,氮磷配合可以提高土壤化学和生物肥力,作物秸秆还田配合氮磷钾化肥的培肥效果优于氮磷钾化肥配合,而合理的有机无机肥配合是塿土提升化学肥力和保证生物健康的最佳施肥模式。     

榨菜继代培养愈伤组织及其再生植株的变异性分析

通过分子标记对榨菜愈伤组织及其再生植株的变异性进行了分析。RAPD检测表明:经2、3和5次继代培养的愈伤组织以及经2次继代培养愈伤组织的再生植株的分子标记呈现多态性,变异频率分别为2.04%、1.85%、1.79%和1.56%;流式细胞仪(FCM)分析表明,继代培养后的愈伤组织及其再生植株在染色体倍性上与亲本相比没有发生变化,皆为二倍体(2n=36)。另经2、3和5继代培养只有2次继代培养的愈伤组织分化出了再生植株,且有3.33%的植株与其亲本间存在表型差异。     

氮肥及其与秸秆配施在不同肥力土壤的固持及供应

【目的】在有机物料和无机氮肥的配施条件下,研究氮素在土壤中的固持与释放过程,以期达到土壤供氮与作物需氮相一致的目的。【方法】以长期定位试验不同施肥处理土壤（不施肥,NF;施用氮磷钾化肥,NPK;厩肥与化肥配施,MNPK）为研究对象,采用盆栽试验研究化学氮肥及其与秸秆配施在不同肥力土壤中的固持与供应。【结果】与未施氮肥（对照）相比,单施尿素对NF处理土壤小麦籽粒产量无显著影响,而显著提高了NPK和MNPK处理土壤小麦籽粒产量;MNPK处理土壤氮肥利用率（67%）显著高于NPK（56%）和NF（19%）处理土壤。与施用氮肥处理相比,秸秆与尿素配施显著降低了小麦产量和氮素利用率,但MNPK处理土壤小麦产量及氮肥利用率（11%）仍显著高于NPK处理（7%）;秸秆与尿素配施降低了当季小麦对施入氮素的吸收利用,小麦收获时不同施肥处理土壤有79%-88%施入的氮素未被吸收利用。【结论】有机肥与化肥长期配施在协调土壤氮素供应,提高作物产量及氮肥利用率方面具有突出作用。     

Establishment and biological characteristics of a new human endometrial carcinoma

AIM: To establish a new human endometial carcinoma cell line for basic and clinical study. METHODS: The minced tumor tissues were inoculated subcutaneously into the back of nude mice. After forming solid tumor, the mice were killed and the transplant was taken out for primery culture. RESULTS: The established cell line was maintained by serial passages, named EAC. EAC cell line grew rapidly,steadily, and it had similar microscopic morphology to adenocarcinoma cell. Chromosome analysis reveal EAC chromosome counts ranging in hyperdiploid. The expression of ER, PR, P53, MDM2 were negative by SP immunohistochemistry. Tumorigenicity of EAC in nude mice was 100%. CONCLUSION: A new human endometrial carcinoma, EAC, is established successfully, which is helpful for the basic and clinical study of endometrial carcinoma.     

Proliferation and apoptosis of neuroendocrine cells in ovarian epithelial tumors

AIM: The purpose of this study was to observe the morphological features of neuroendocrine cells (NECs)， their proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian epithelial tumors, and to discuss their biological and clinical significance. METHODS: 79 specimens of ovarian epithelial tumor samples were collected, of them 20 benign, 18 boderline, 41 milignant tumors, and 22 normal ovaries were investigated immunohistochemically. Chromogranin A was used to detect NECs and their proliferation and apoptosis were examined by double-label staining of chromogranin A and Ki67 or TUNEL. RESULTS: The positive rate of CgA, distribution and staining intensity in ovarian epithelial tumors were higher than those in normal ovary. NECs showed various shapes with neuronoid protuberances stretching to the neighboring cells or basement membrane. Occasionally, they might touch together. No TUNEL positive coexpression in all NECs was observed by double-label staining, but some NECs were coexpressed with Ki67. CONCLUSION: NECs of ovarian epithelial tumors like cancer cells showed a proliferation, but no apoptosis. Their secretion might promote their neighboring non-NECs to proliferate and prevent them from apoptosis.     

浅议我国人工林的近自然林经营

分析了我国人工林的现状和人工林林分质量问题,依据近自然林业的理论,提出我国人工林的近自然林经营的建议.     

免疫亲和层析法分离鸡补体C3d蛋白研究

利用抗鸡C3 21肽抗体制备免疫亲和层析柱,对鸡补体C3d进行了分离,并采用间接酶联免疫吸附实验(间接ELISA),对洗脱液中的C3d组分进行了检测,以SDS-PAGE电泳方法对分离到的C3d进行了检测。结果表明,利用亲和柱层析能够分离得到纯度较高的C3d蛋白,为鸡血清中C3d的提取纯化提供了较为简便的方法。