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1.
Hideki OGISO Masashi FUJINAGA Hideki SAITO Toshiaki TAKEHARA Shigeru YAMANAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):292-299
One hundred and sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae obtained from 85 fields in three crisphead lettuce-producing areas in Nagano Prefecture, Japan were typed for races using
differential cultivars Patriot, Banchu Red Fire and Costa Rica No. 4. They were also grouped into vegetative compatibility
groups (VCGs) using complementation tests with nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Two California strains reported as F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, a type culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from crisphead lettuce were included for comparison. Among Nagano isolates, 66 isolates were identified as race 1,
and 50 as race 2. Race 1 strains derived from Shiojiri and Komoro cities and race 2 from Kawakami village and Komoro city.
All isolates of race 2 were biotin auxotrophs, and the race could be distinguished based on its requirement for biotin on
minimal nitrate agar medium (MM). Pathogenic isolates were classified into two VCGs and three heterokaryon self-incompatible
isolates. Strong correlations were found between race and VCG. All the race 1 strains were assigned to VCG 1 except self-incompatible
isolates, and all the race 2 strains to VCG 2. The 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum were incompatible with VCG 1 and VCG 2. California strains was vegetatively compatible with VCG 1, and they were assigned
to race 1. Based on vegetative compatibility, these two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae may be genetically distinct, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 is identical to F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum.
Received 7 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002 相似文献
2.
Sward characteristics,nutritive value and choice by cattle of conterminous monocultures of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)
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Masahiko Hirata Toshiro Okuma Yuichiro Tanaka Manabu Tobisa 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(5):674-680
In south‐western Japan, centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides; CG) offers a novel option for a warm‐season perennial for grazing use in areas where bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; BG) can be grown. However, the potential of CG as a forage has not been fully explored because of the short history as a forage crop. We conducted four experiments to evaluate CG (cv. TifBlair) in comparison with BG (cv. Pensacola) in terms of sward characteristics, nutritive value and choice by animals. In each experiment, four Japanese Black cows (Bos taurus) were individually allowed to graze conterminous monocultures of CG and BG (5 × 10 m each) for 30 min. Irrespective of regrowth durations and fertilizer rates, CG was consistently shorter, leafier and denser, contained lower acid detergent fiber and cellulose, and was preferred or equally selected by cows, as compared with BG. Furthermore, CG maintained sufficient levels of crude protein (80–89 g/kg DM) to ensure voluntary intake of ruminant animals under extended regrowth? and without fertilizer, whereas BG failed to do so (65 g/kg DM). CG provided higher digestible dry matter than BG when crude protein concentration exceeded 86 g/kg DM. The results indicate advantages of CG as a forage. 相似文献
3.
Isao Tada Minoru Motoki Nobuyoshi Takahashi Tetsuji Miyata Tomoko Takechi Toshiro Uchida Yasushi Takagi 《Pest management science》1996,48(2):165-173
A series of novel 4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thiones (DHPs) was synthesised by treating the corresponding dihydropyrazolones with ‘Lawesson’s reagent and evaluated for miticidal activity against two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Of these, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione-4-spirocyclopentane and 4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione were highly active (pEC50>4·0) and were more effective than the miticide dicofol (pEC50=3·879), which has traditionally been used for the control of phytophagous mites. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies were performed on each position of the pyrazole ring of DHPs. The results indicated that the unsubstituted phenyl, 4-substituted phenyl and thioxo groups on the 1-, 3- and 5-positions of DHPs respectively were required for activity. Quantitative SAR studies using physicochemical parameters of substituents and the capacity factor k′ as a hydrophobicity index suggested that: (a) the activities of all types of DHPs examined were mainly dominated by hydrophobicity, (b) the bulkiness of 4-substituents of the 3-phenyl ring favoured the activity and (c) the log k′ optimum for all DHPs was 1·675, equivalent to a log Pow value of c. 5·0. 相似文献
4.
Haruhisa Fukada Takahiro Furutani Rie Shimizu Toshiro Masumoto 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):511-521
Beneficial utilization of yuzu (Citrus junos) peel was investigated to improve the commercial value of cultured yellowtail fish. The antioxidant effects of grated yuzu peel from pomace (yuzu paste) on prevention of dark muscle discoloration during storage in sliced yellowtail fish were tested. Four diets were prepared, containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 g yuzu paste in a 1,450-g diet (wet basis). Fish were fed one of the four diets for 10 weeks. Growth performance was not significantly different among the dietary groups, but fish fed a diet containing 100-g yuzu paste showed the least average body weight and a significant increase in fecal amount and fat levels in the feces, which suggest low digestibility and low absorption. Dark muscle discoloration was significantly reduced in all yuzu dietary groups compared to the control group during storage at 4°C. The optimal supplementation of yuzu paste in the fish diet is very effective at maintaining fish flesh freshness as a finishing diet without causing additional phosphorus or nitrogen pollution of the sea and inhibiting fish growth. This study provides a new way to utilize waste yuzu peel, which also helps reduce waste from yuzu processing. 相似文献
5.
Pallab Kumer Sarker Shuichi Satoh Haruhisa Fukada & Toshiro Masumoto 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(2):225-232
Non-faecal phosphorus (P) was determined for large yellowtail to estimate a minimum available P requirement (Experiment 1) and to justify inorganic P supplementation in a fish meal-based diet (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, purified diets with incremental P concentrations were fed to yellowtail (mean weight 917 g) at a feeding rate of 1.5% of body weight. The peaks of non-faecal P excretion appeared 5–6 h after feeding in fish fed more than 4.5 g available P kg−1 dry diet. Broken-line analysis indicated that the minimum available P requirement was 4.4 g kg−1 dry diet. In Experiment 2, a purified diet (PR) containing 6.5 g available P kg−1 and a fish meal-based diet with (F1) and without (F0) additional phosphorus were fed to yellowtail (mean weight 1.1 kg) at 1.5% (PR) and 2% (F0 and F1) feeding rates respectively. There was no significant difference in P excretion between fish fed the F0 (5.5 g soluble P kg−1 dry diet) and the PR diet. However, significantly higher (34.5%) amounts of non-faecal P excretions (7.4 g soluble P kg−1 dry diet) were found in fish fed F1 compared with the F0 diet. This suggested that there was an excess of dietary P in the F1 diet and that supplementation is not needed in fish meal-based diets for large yellowtail. 相似文献
6.
7.
Toshihiro NADE Jun-ichi SABURI Tsuyosi ABE Tetsuo NAKAGAWA Toshiaki OKUMURA Satsuki MISUMI Kunihiko SAITO Tadashi KAWAMURA Kazuhisa FUJITA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(6):567-574
The carcass composition of crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle was examined in order to find an accurate carcass composition equation. The test animals included 17 steers and 17 heifers. The 28 image measurements from the area encircling the vertical line to the thoracic vertebra and the line from the thoracic vertebra between the sixth and seventh rib‐bones were measured by computer image analysis. The relationships between the 29 parameters that added the carcass left side weight of the animal and the carcass composition were suggested. The carcass composition included muscle weight, muscle ratio, fat weight and fat ratio. The carcass composition from steers was estimated by an equation composed of these three or four parameters (R2 = 90.80%, 79.30%, 90.75% and 73.70%, respectively). The selected parameters were measured without cutting the thoracic vertebra. The carcass composition from heifers was estimated by an equation composed of two to four parameters (R2 = 96.15%, 90.98%, 93.60% and 88.22%, respectively). The parameters for the estimation of the muscle and fat weight, and muscle and fat ratio are very similar. Furthermore, the equations using the parameters could estimate the carcass composition from the Japanese Black × Limousin cattle resource population. 相似文献
8.
Masahito SUGIMOTO Waka SAITO Motoki OOI Yukinobu SATO Toshiro SAITO Kiyokazu MORI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):587-594
Six ruminally cannulated Wagyu (Japanese Black) steers (average initial bodyweight (BW) 387 ± 29 kg) were used in a split‐plot design experiment, comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole plot treatments were three different feeding levels of supplemental diet, fed at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of BW, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Subplot treatments were two different supplemental diets: a potato pulp silage‐based diet (PPS) and a grain‐based diet (GRAIN). Chopped, medium‐quality cool‐season grass hay (predominately Timothy, Phleum pratense L) was fed daily at 0.7% BW (on a DM basis) as the basal diet. Each period consisted of 21 d, which included 11 d of adaptation to the diets and 10 d of the collection period. Chromium oxide was used as an indigestible marker. In situ forage degradation was measured using the nylon bag technique. The dry matter intake increased (linear; P < 0.01) as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Digestibility was not affected by any treatments. The GRAIN diet tended to decrease the rate of in situ forage degradation as the feeding level increased, but this trend was not found in the steers fed the PPS diet. Steers fed the GRAIN diet had a lower (P < 0.1) ruminal pH compared with steers fed the PPS diet. Ruminal pH was not significantly affected by feeding level; however, it was numerically higher for steers supplemented at 0.2% per BW than that for the steers supplemented above 0.4% per BW due probably to the higher starch intake. The total volatile fatty acids concentration numerically increased as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Increasing the feeding level decreased (linear, P < 0.01) the proportion of acetate. Neither diet nor the feeding level had any effects on the proportion of ruminal propionate. The results suggested that, for steers fed the PPS diet, there are not adverse effects on forage digestion in the rumen that occur as the feeding level is increased. 相似文献
9.
As a measure of estimating humidity control capacity of materials in an airtight room under sinusoidal temperature variation,
we used the Cb value, which is the ratio of the range of variation in relative humidity in a steel box lined with the material of interest
to the range in an empty steel box. In order to clarify the factors that affect the Cb value, we focused on both the temperature variation rate and the area that is lined in the box. It was found that changing
the rate of temperature variation over one period strongly affected the Cb value, although the amplitude of temperature variation did not. We further noticed that the difference between the time when
peak temperature was reached and the time when peak absolute humidity was reached (peak time difference), was found to be
useful for estimating the humidity control capacity of materials. Knowing the difference between the phase when peak temperature
was reached and the phase when peak absolute humidity was reached (phase angle difference) was also useful. Because the Cb value was affected by both the variation period and the lined area in the box, we can draw a contour diagram of the period
and the lined area for materials to give an overview of the humidity control capacity of a material. The materials of primary
interest in this study were Japanese cedar and porous ceramics. 相似文献
10.
In order to develop a fireproof wooden material, the synergic effect of fire-retardant chemicals and wood coatings was studied.
The fire performance was evaluated by cone calorimeter. Impregnation of fire retardants including polyphosphatic carbamate,
and ceramic coatings including alkoxy metal salt improved the fire performance of wooden materials. This treatment made it
possible to meet the guidelines for fire performance of noncombustible materials in Japan. In addition to the vacuum-pressure
impregnation treatment, hot-and-cold-bath impregnation treatment is an effective way to develop fire-retardant wood by impregnating
fire retardant and ceramic coating. The weatherability of the developed material was also investigated. The ceramic coating
was resistant to light and moisture.
Part of this report was presented at 54th Annual Meeting (Sapporo, August 2004) and the 55th Annual Meeting (Kyoto, March
2005) of the Japan Wood Research Society 相似文献