刺糖对庆大霉素致小鼠肾损伤保护作用的初步研究

本试验旨在应用庆大霉素(GM)诱导建立小鼠亚急性肾损伤的模型,初探维吾尔药刺糖对庆大霉素肾损伤的保护作用。将健康昆明系小鼠28只随机分为7组,分别为A组(125 mg/kg GM)、B组(100 mg/kg GM)、C组(80 mg/kg GM)、D组(125 mg/kg GM+刺糖)、E组(100 mg/kg GM+刺糖)、F组(80 mg/kg GM+刺糖)及G组(对照组),连续用药7 d,于第8天采血后处死,分别测定血液中非蛋白氮(NPN)含量及肾脏、肝脏、脾脏的重量。试验结果显示,D组和F组血液中非蛋白氮(NPN)含量和肾脏系数分别与A组及C组相比差异显著(P<0.05);E组血液中NPN含量与B组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),而E组与B组肾脏系数相比差异显著(P<0.05)。A、B、C 3组对小鼠的肾脏都有不同程度的损伤。试验结果表明,刺糖对125和80 mg/kg GM所致的肾损伤起到了明显的保护作用,但对100 mg/kg GM所致的肾损伤未起到明显的保护作用。     

新疆小花棘豆对大鼠亚急性毒性及解毒剂解毒效果观察

In order to understand the effect of Oxytropis glabra on the structure of liver tissue and observe the effect of antidote on the detoxification in mice,30 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups,the control group was fed with basal diet, group 1 was fed with basal diet supplemented with Oxytropis glabra,group 2 was gavaged alkaloid solution extracted from Oxytropis glabra,group 3 was fed with basal diet supplemented with Oxytropis glabra and injected antidote into intraperitoneal simultaneously,group 4 was gavaged alkaloid solution extracted from Oxytropis glabra and injected antidote into intraperitoneal simultaneously. The mice were fed in single cage,and the trial lasted for 21 days.The results showed that the different degree of hyperemia and hemorrhage were appeared in liver and kidney tissue of groups 1 and 2.Most of the liver cells in hepatic lobule were swelled and vacuoles degenerated.The organ coefficient analysis showed that there were significant differences （P＜0.05） or extremely significant differences （P＜0.01） between the detoxification groups and the poisoned groups.In couclusion,the antidote had a certain protective effect for liver tissue damage caused by Oxytropis glabra and its alkaloids.     

刺糖对小鼠肠推进和离体小肠平滑肌运动的影响

通过观察刺糖对小鼠离体小肠和在体小肠平滑肌运动的影响,以中华墨汁的推进距离与小肠总长的比值计算小肠推进率;采用离体肠管平滑肌收缩实验,以小鼠小肠平滑肌的收缩幅度、收缩频率及运动指数为指标,观察在正常台氏液中刺糖对小鼠离体肠管的影响,同时观察胃肠通和阿托品对不同浓度刺糖的作用。结果表明,刺糖可增强小鼠小肠运动功能（P〈0.01）,但与胃肠通相比作用缓和（P〈0.01）。35%,70%刺糖溶液均可促进正常离体肠管的收缩功能（P〈0.01,P〈0.01）,能拮抗阿托品引起的舒张作用（P〈0.01,P〈0.01）和胃肠通引起的收缩运动（P〈0.01,P〈0.01）。体内外实验结果表明,刺糖对小鼠小肠运动在体内外均具有调节作用。     

小花棘豆小鼠亚急性中毒脾脏组织结构观察及“棘毒净”效果初探

将42只昆明系小鼠随机分为3个小花棘豆中毒组、3个解毒组(小花棘豆添加量分别为日粮的5%,10%,20%)和一个同期对照组,进行为期15 d的亚急性毒性试验。结果表明,脾脏脏器系数呈现高剂量萎缩,低剂量增大现象。组织学观察,20%中毒组脾脏静脉扩张充血,周围组织有出血,脾结构尚完整,个别区域出血性浸润,使淋巴滤泡不完整;10%中毒组脾脏有明显出血,脾结构完整;5%中毒组脾脏有少量出血,脾结构完整。解毒剂有一定保护作用。     

新疆某猪场不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌对抗生素耐药性调查

为了调查新疆某规模化养猪场不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌对临床常用抗生素的耐药情况,从该猪场分别采集育肥猪、妊娠猪、保育猪和哺乳猪的粪样。试验采用微量肉汤稀释法,对从粪样中分离出的大肠杆菌进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果显示,育肥猪、妊娠猪、保育猪和哺乳猪源大肠杆菌分离率分别为85.2%、83.0%、81.0%和83.0%。不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌均对氨苄西林和阿莫西林/克拉维酸2种抗生素高度耐药,对头孢噻呋都较为敏感。哺乳猪和保育猪源大肠杆菌耐药情况严重,对多种抗生素高度耐药,以5耐为主;妊娠猪源大肠杆菌轻度耐药,以0耐为主;育肥猪源大肠杆菌以3耐为主。不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药程度不同。     

Protective Effect of Saccharum alhagi Against N-acetyl-para-aminophenol induced Liver Injury in Mice

N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) overdose use induced liver damage.This study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Saccharum alhagi against APAP-induced liver injury in mice. The aqueous extract of Saccharum alhagi was prepared, ant its ingredients were measured by phenol-sulfuric acid method and aluminium salt chromogenic method. The mice were randomly divided into seven groups,including normal control group,APAP model group,Saccharum alhagi (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg·BW)+APAP groups,positive control group and Saccharum alhagi control group. Administration once per day for 3 consecutive days,with 300 mg/(kg·BW) of APAP after 1 h from the last administration of Saccharum alhagi. 300 mg/(kg·BW) APAP were used to induce liver injury, and after 24 h from APAP challenge,the experimental animals were sacrificed to collect blood and liver tissue samples. The level of serum transaminase (ALT and AST) and the liver pathological changes were observed. The results indicated that the levels of serum AST and ALT were extremely significant lower in the Saccharum alhagi treated groups than the APAP treated group (P<0.01), and the pathological changes were significantly improved. This study showed that Saccharum alhagi could be an effective therapeutic source in APAP-induced liver injuries in mice.     

刺糖对对乙酰氨基酚诱导的肝损伤的保护作用

对乙酰氨基酚（N-acetyl-para-aminophenol,APAP）过量使用能够引起肝脏损伤,本研究旨在探讨刺糖对APAP所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及潜在的作用机理。采用水提法提取刺糖的有效成分,通过苯酚硫酸法和铝盐显色法进行刺糖提取物成分鉴定;49只雌性小鼠随机分为7组,正常对照组、模型组、刺糖不同浓度的提取物（600、300和150 mg/kg体重）+APAP组、水飞蓟宾阳性对照组及刺糖对照组（600 mg/kg体重）,灌胃3 d,末次给药1 h后,腹腔注射APAP 300 mg/kg体重,24 h后处死小鼠并采集血样和肝脏组织样品。检测血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）的活性;用HE染色制作病理标本,观察肝脏病理学变化。结果显示,刺糖提取物能够极显著降低小鼠血清中AST、ALT的含量（P<0.01）,APAP所引起的病理变化明显改善。本研究结果表明,刺糖对APAP所致的小鼠急性肝损伤有一定的保护作用。     

新疆小花棘豆饲喂小自鼠的急性毒性试验脏器系数分析

将48只昆明系小白鼠随机分为3个剂量的小花棘豆试验组(第1～3组分别为日粮的20%,10%,5%)和1个对照组,进行为期15 d的小花棘豆(Oxytropisglabra D C)急性毒性试验.试验结束时,取其脏器、计算脏器系数.分析表明,试验结束时,雌雄小鼠体重均显著低于对照组,雄鼠体重下降幅度明显高于雌鼠.说明雄鼠较雌鼠更易受小花棘豆毒害;最高剂量组的雄性小鼠肝脏系数(5.85±0.35)、肺脏系数(0.83±0.02)、肾脏系数(2.04±0.09)、睾丸系数(0.69±0.06)增大,受损明显,且损伤程度随饲喂小花棘豆剂量的增加而加重;5%的小花棘豆剂量也可对小白鼠肝、脾、肾产生损伤,故小花棘豆若做为杂食家畜的饲料,5%或5%以上的添加量并不安全,雌雄鼠脾脏系数变化并不随小花棘豆剂量改变而呈现规则变化趋势,有一定特异性.     

猪硒蛋白W的原核表达及IgY多克隆抗体制备

试验旨在优化硒蛋白W （selenoprotein W，SelW）的原核表达系统，并评估SelW的免疫原性和基于IgY抗体检测猪体内SelW的可行性。将获得的猪SelW基因序列密码子进行优化、合成并连接至pET-32a （+）表达载体中，构建原核表达重组质粒pET32a （+）-SelW，转化E.coli BL21（DE3）宿主菌中，进行IPTG诱导表达，SDS-PAGE鉴定重组猪SelW的表达情况，并免疫产蛋鸡制备抗SelW的IgY多克隆抗体，通过间接ELISA检测IgY抗体滴度，采用Western blotting检测IgY识别抗原的特异性。SDS-PAGE结果显示，SelW基因在原核细胞中成功表达，得到了大小约为33 ku的重组蛋白，IPTG最佳诱导浓度及时间分别为0.5 mmol/L和6 h；可溶性分析结果显示，重组蛋白SelW主要以包涵体形式存在。间接ELISA检测结果显示，免疫后45 d的IgY多克隆抗体的效价可达1：51 200。Western blotting检测结果显示，重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性，所制备的IgY抗体与SelW的亲和力较高。本试验成功构建并优化了SelW蛋白的原核表达系统，提高了SelW蛋白的表达量，获得了具有良好免疫原性的SelW蛋白，制备的IgY抗体能特异性识别猪肌肉组织中的SelW，可用于检测猪组织中SelW的表达、预防硒中毒和缺硒性疾病的监测等，为进一步探究SelW的生物学功能奠定基础。