Seasonal changes in bud dormancy in relation to bud morphology, water and starch content, and abscisic acid concentration in adult trees of Betula pubescens

Annual cycles of change in bud morphology, bud burst ability, abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, and starch and water content were studied in mid-crown terminal buds of short shoots and underground basal buds of Betula pubescens Ehrh. In particular, we investigated the roles of ABA and bud water content in the regulation of bud growth. Basal buds differed morphologically from terminal buds of short shoots in that their leaf initials did not develop into embryonic foliage leaves and their total size did not increase significantly during summer. Bud burst ability, measured by forcing detached short shoots and stumps under controlled conditions, was maintained in the basal buds throughout the year, whereas the terminal buds of short shoots remained dormant until October, thereafter their bud burst ability increased gradually and reached a maximum in March-April. The ABA concentration of the basal buds was relatively constant throughout the sampling period (1-3 micro g g(DW) (-1)), whereas that of the terminal buds of short shoots, which was much higher (5-10 micro g g(DW) (-1)), showed a distinct seasonal cycle with a maximum from August to November. Bud ABA concentration decreased during the first 10 days of forcing, especially in basal buds. In both bud types, the amount of starch increased toward the autumn, declined in November, and was negligible in the terminal buds of short shoots between January and March, but in April, the amount was high again in both bud types. Water content varied characteristically in both bud types, although more distinctly in the terminal buds of short shoots, with an increase in spring before bud burst and a decrease during the summer until September. The significant morphological and physiological differences between the mid-crown terminal buds of short shoots and the underground basal buds may partly explain the characteristic growth habit of the basal buds and their development into coppice shoots after cutting the tree. The results also indicate a role for ABA in maintaining dormancy of the terminal buds of short shoots and emphasize the relationship between tissue water status and ABA concentration.     

奶牛生产瘫痪合并酮病的诊治体会

正奶牛生产瘫痪和奶牛酮病这两个疾病,从理论方面将讲是两个完全不同的疾病。生产瘫痪亦称乳热症或低血钙症,是奶牛分娩后突发的一种营养代谢疾病。奶牛发病特征为低血钙,全身肌肉无力,知觉丧失及四肢瘫痪;酮病是由于体内碳水化合物及     

牛出血性败血症的诊治体会

牛出血性败血症是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的一种人畜共患传染病,简称牛出败。近几年来,牛的养殖规模不断扩大,养牛数量也不断增加,饲养方式也由放养转化圈养,饲料的结构也由原来的半年青草转成了全年干草,而且还是营养不佳的秸秆、藤、玉米芯等,再加上成年牛与犊牛的贩卖与长途运输频繁,使牛出败病发病数也在逐年增加。     

酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)中的抗原载体

作为ELISA的固相载体也已使用了多方面的材料(Schuurs和Van Weemen,1977);尤其是塑料类制品的应用,这在一定程度上与它们的商品化生产而易于获得有关。现已证明,抗原吸附到塑料聚合     

Psittacine circovirus infection in parakeets of the genus Eunymphicus and treatment with beta-(1,3/1,6)-D-glucan

Eight captive-bred horned parakeets (Eunymphicus cornutus) and four captive-bred Major Mitchell cockatoos (Cacatua leadbeateri) from the same aviary tested positive for psittacine circovirus (PsCV) DNA in whole blood by nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The chronic form of disease with feather fragility and loss was observed in three horned parakeets. Infection in other individuals was subclinical. Immunosuppression, either hematologically or as susceptibility to secondary infections, was not observed. Treatment consisted of the administration of beta-(1,3/1,6)-D-glucan from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Excluding two accidentally dead parakeets, four out of the original six horned parakeets, and all Major Mitchell cockatoos were negative for PsCV DNA in whole blood in 7-9 mo after the treatment was started. Even though the absence of PsCV DNA in blood does not signify elimination of the virus from the whole organism, these preliminary results indicate a possible effect of beta-glucan in the treatment of PsCV infection. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of PsCV in horned parakeets.     

Thyroid imaging in the dog: current status and future directions

This review describes the advantages and disadvantages of radiography, ultrasonography, and nuclear medicine in the 2 most frequent thyroid pathologies of the dog: acquired primary hypothyroidism and thyroid neoplasia. Ultrasonography and scintigraphy remain the 2 most indicated imaging modalities for these thyroid abnormalities. However, as in human medicine, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also have potential indications. This is especially the case in the evaluation of the extent, local invasiveness, and local or distant metastases of thyroid neoplasia. Based on experience with different imaging modalities in people, we suggest future directions in the imaging of the canine thyroid gland.