病原检测基因芯片应用及在水产病害检测的前景

基因芯片技术是近年来迅速发展起来的一项新技术,已成为国内外研究的热点。作为生物芯片技术发展中最完备的一个分支,基因芯片以其高通量、高灵敏性、高特异性的特点,在细菌、病毒、真菌等病原检测和鉴定方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文介绍了基因芯片的原理和作为检测手段的优越性,并综述了基因芯片技术在细菌和病毒检测方面的应用,分析了现有水产动物病原检测技术,提出了在现有水产动物病原生物信息学的基础上,研发水产养殖动物病害诊断基因芯片的策略。     

Complexing the Marine Sesquiterpene Euplotin C by Means of Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges: A Preliminary Investigation

Euplotin C is a sesquiterpene of marine origin endowed with significant anti-microbial and anti-tumor properties. Despite the promising functional profile, its progress as a novel drug candidate has failed so far, due to its scarce solubility and poor stability in aqueous media, such as biological fluids. Therefore, overcoming these limits is an intriguing challenge for the scientific community. In this work, we synthesized β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges and investigated their use as colloidal carriers for stably complex euplotin C. Results obtained proved the ability of the carrier to include the natural compound, showing remarkable values of both loading efficiency and capacity. Moreover, it also allowed us to preserve the chemical structure of the loaded compound, which was recovered unaltered once extracted from the complex. Therefore, the use of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges represents a viable option to vehiculate euplotin C, thus opening up its possible use as pharmacologically active compound.     

西藏降水化学分析

1987-1988年及1997-2000年间,在西藏拉萨、定日、当雄、安多采集降雨样品及部分大气浮尘样品,分析测定了pH、电导率、CO2分压、总悬浮颗粒含量及10多种离子浓度。共测量了300场次降雨的pH值、电导率和其中60场次降雨的化学成分含量。结果显示：青藏高原降雨常呈弱碱性,1987-1988年间加权平均pH值为8．36,1997-1999年间为7．5。造成高原降雨呈弱碱性的主要原因是来自地面富含钙的粉尘。西藏是世界上空气污染最轻的地方,但是从20世纪80-90年代的降雨中,NO3^-与SO4^2-含量增加,pH值降低,表明保护这片脆弱环境的紧迫性。     

Soil CO2 emission in sugarcane management systems

Sugarcane management systems affect soil attributes such as the carbon cycle. This fact has stimulated the sugar and alcohol industry to refine the sugarcane production systems by replacing the pre-harvest burning (PB) and manual harvest with mechanized harvesting followed by residue deposition. The aim of this study was to evaluate different management systems with respect to C cycling carbon dioxide and soil parameters (chemical, physical and biological) which were determined over the season. Three sugarcane cultivation systems were evaluated at the following periods: (a) PB, (b) 5-year green harvest and (c) 10-year green harvest. The results indicated that CO₂ emission was 36% greater in the 10-year sugarcane green harvest system than in the PB system. The bulk density and macroporosity were the factors that were most affected by the different sugarcane management systems and that significantly influenced soil CO₂ emissions. The principal component analysis showed that soil CO₂ emission was 18% influenced by base saturation (V%) and 14% by pH, especially in the PB area. Additionally, 19% was affected by carbon and macroporosity in the 5- and 10-year green harvest areas, respectively. From our results, it can be concluded that the most CO₂ emissions are in the areas of sugarcane green, this is due to the higher carbon concentration when compared with the area of burning sugarcane. The parameters that most influenced the CO₂ emissions were bulk density, porosity, macroporosity, pH and V%.     

Milk yield, age at first calving, and the risk of BSE: an analysis at the farm level in France

The epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in France, as in the UK, has affected dairy cattle much more than beef cattle. However, the intensification of dairy herd management as a risk factor for BSE has not to date been analyzed. For this purpose, two databases were merged: the French Milk Records database, and the French BSE database, which can be considered as being devoid of notification bias since July 2001, when systematic tests were implemented. Only pure Holstein herds were considered, which represent the vast majority of total and BSE-affected dairy herds in France. A case-control study was designed so that 20 control herds were matched to each case herd according to the location of the farm and the year of birth of the index case. Three thousand and forty five farms were included, among which 145 with a BSE case notified between July 2001 and July 2003, and 2900 controls. With respect to the risk of BSE, odds ratios for each class of milk yield and age at first calving were estimated by using conditional logistic regression models with appropriate adjustments to herd size. The two main results were the following: firstly, whereas most Holstein herds, with average production between 7000 and 10,000kg, had nearly the same BSE risk, a small category of very intensive herds, with annual milk yields above 10,000kg, were significantly more at risk than the other herds. Secondly, a very early first calving (under 26 months of age) was found to be at risk for BSE as compared to other categories, independently of the milk yield. These results are discussed in the light of the known age-dependent susceptibility to BSE.     

春小麦高产叶龄模式的研究

本研究根据春小麦的叶龄进程，对水、肥、密等影响产量的主要因素进行优化组合，提出了旨在提高春小麦的产量及获得最佳效益的高产模式，为指导我国北方春小麦的生产提供了科学依据。     

西藏农村远程教育与信息服务体系发展对策研究

西藏农村远程教育与信息服务体系是实现西藏农牧业跨越式和可持续发展、增加农牧民收入和促进农村经济、文化快速发展的重要平台。在基于西藏农牧业教育、农村信息化建设的现状的条件下,通过对农村远程教育与信息化服务所面临的主要问题的分析,提出了西藏农村远程教育与信息服务体系发展的对策。     

病原微生物药敏检测方法的研究进展

抗生素敏感试验在当前病原微生物耐药性持续增长的形势下,已成为指导临床科学合理用药不可或缺的重要环节.因此,药敏检测方法的完善与发展是快速获取科学、准确微生物耐药谱的前提,也是实现有效临床治疗的重要保障.本研究介绍了当前应用于微生物药物敏感检测的常规方法,如纸片扩散法、稀释法、Etest法等,简要分析了它们之间的优缺特性,并对近年来一些新兴发展的快速药敏检测方法进行了总结以及展望了不同类型药敏检测方法的发展和应用趋势.     

弯扭耦合柔性构件系统的变结构控制研究

对由柔性杆和柔性梁组成的两连杆柔性构件系统的弯扭耦合振动进行了研究,建立了此柔性系统的动力学方程。在柔性杆根部粘贴一只压电扭转致动器抑制柔性杆的扭转振动,在柔性梁根部粘贴一只压电弯曲致动器抑制柔性梁的弯曲振动。采用一种带有饱和环节及滤波器的滑模变结构控制策略,进行了实验研究。结果表明：施控后的系统是稳定的,弯扭的各阶模态均能得到有效抑制,柔性梁末端的振动位移能得到显著衰减。