我国与美国材料燃烧技术标准比较研究

针对我国与美国的建筑材料与制品、家具及纺织织物主要燃烧技术标准体系的异同进行了比较与分析.系统比较了相关产品的技术和标准,对打破国外技术性贸易壁垒并建立完善我国的法规和标准具有十分重要的意义.     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

Evaluating and Comparing the Natural Cell Structure and Dimensions of Honey Bee Comb Cells of Chinese Bee,Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Italian Bee,Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The hexagonal structure of the honey bee comb cell has been the source of many studies attempting to understand its structure and function. In the storage area of the comb, only honey is stored and no brood is reared. We predicted that honey bees may construct different hexagonal cells for brood rearing and honey storage. We used quantitative analyses to evaluate the structure and function of the natural comb cell in the Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana and the Italian bee, A. mellifera ligustica. We made cell molds using a crystal glue solution and measured the structure and inclination of cells. We found that the comb cells of A. c. cerana had both upward-sloping and downward-sloping cells; while the A. m. ligustica cells all tilted upwards. Interestingly, the cells did not conform to the regular hexagonal prism structure and showed irregular diameter sizes. In both species, comb cells also were differentiated into worker, drone and honey cells, differing in their diameter and depth. This study revealed unique differences in the structure and function of comb cells and showed that honey bees design their cells with precise engineering to increase storage capacity, and to create adequate growing room for their brood.     

浅析长江三峡工程对洞庭湖区生态环境的影响

用对比分析方法，分析了长江三峡工程对洞庭湖区特别是东洞庭湖生态环境的影响，即三峡工程竣工后，将减少来自长江的泥沙量，同时，水环境质量将会下降，湖区的珍稀侯鸟可能减少；提出了保护洞庭湖水环境和湿地生态环境的对策和措施。     

半干旱黄土区地上生物量对立地因子的响应

半干旱黄土区地形破碎、沟壑纵横、生态环境脆弱,其生态恢复过程受到全世界生态学者的普遍关注.生物量是生态系统获取能量的表现形式.以位于黄土丘陵沟壑区的植被自然恢复10a的合沟流域地上生物量为研究对象,分析不同立地因子对地上生物量的影响规律.结果表明:1)不同立地类型地上生物量从大到小依次为沟底、阴向沟坡、阴向梁坡、阳向沟坡、梁顶、阳向梁坡;2)梁坡和沟坡的地上生物量随坡度升高均呈现反S形态,梁坡的地上生物量最大值出现在20°～25°处,最小值出现在35°～40°处,沟坡的地上生物量的最小值出现在30°～35°处,最大值出现在40°～45°处;3)坡向对地上生物量的影响是显著的(P=0.049),其余因素的影响不显著.可知,该区地上生物量的分布规律是植被对不同立地类型水分、光照等自然条件综合利用的结果.     

落叶松体细胞胚胎发生过程中DNA甲基化模式变化分析

通过MSAP技术检测落叶松体细胞胚胎发生过程中的DNA甲基化模式变化发现,体细胞胚胎发生的14个时期中,5'-CCGG-3'序列的胞嘧啶上发生重新甲基化事件最多在ABA诱导后的0.5～6h,最少在5～7d的早期单胚阶段;而去甲基化事件发生最多的是5～7d的早期单胚阶段,最少在14～21d的中期单胚到晚期单胚阶段.与原胚...     

海南芒果作物害虫调查与鉴定

近几年,作者对海南芒果主产区的儋州、白沙、昌江、东方、乐东、三亚6个市县代表性果园进行芒果害虫调查。鉴定出海南省芒果作物上的害虫共计96种,分属8目44科,其中,等翅目1科1种,直翅目1科4种,半翅目6科12种,同翅目12科28种,缨翅目1科1种,鳞翅目12科32种,鞘翅目9科15种,双翅日2科3种。对芒果为害较重且分布较广的害虫主要有芒果扁喙叶蝉Idioscopus incertus（Baker）、脊胸天牛Rhytidodera bowringii White、横纹尾夜蛾Chlumetia transversa Walker、芒果剪叶象Deporaus marginatus Pascoe、橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）、茶黄蓟马Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood、龙眼长跗萤叶甲Monolepta occifuvis Gressitt et Kimoto和芒果叶瘿蚊Erosomyia mangiferae Felt共8种o     

鲤鱼肠道中4种细菌的分离与生化鉴定

为研究健康鲤鱼肠道菌群组成情况,为其饲料添加剂和水质改良剂的开发利用提供基础资料,试验对鲤鱼肠道中的细菌进行分离培养,通过形态特征观察、生化试验进行鉴定.结果:在鲤鱼肠道中分离出4种细菌,分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、沙门氏菌(salmonella)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).     

一种高产L-赖氨酸枯草芽孢杆菌的构建研究

为了选育一种非抗性、高产出、遗传稳定性好、低生产成本的L-赖氨酸生产菌株,以辣椒花药和枯草芽孢杆菌为试验材料,以穿梭表达载体pHT43和基因敲除载体pK18mobsacB为媒介,将辣椒花药中的高赖氨酸基因CFLR转化到枯草芽孢杆菌中。经过2次细胞内同源交换和培养基筛选,最终获得不带质粒抗性标记的高产L-赖氨酸枯草芽孢杆菌株CMCC(B)63501/pK18mobsacB-ΔALA::CFLR,该菌株连续传代20次后仍具有明显高于野生型的CFLR基因拷贝数,经HPLC验证,重组菌株L-赖氨酸含量比野生菌株提高了64.89%。结果表明,本研究所构建的非抗性高产L-赖氨酸枯草芽孢杆菌株产量高、遗传稳定性好、低纯化成本,具有良好的应用潜力。