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Reduced Milk Production in Udder Quarters with Subclinical Mastitis and Associated Economic Losses in Crossbred Dairy Cows in Ethiopia 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Mungube EO Tenhagen BA Regassa F Kyule MN Shiferaw Y Kassa T Baumann MP 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(6):503-512
The objective of the study was to estimate the losses associated with subclinical mastitis (SCM) in crossbred dairy cows in
the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. A split udder investigation was performed with 30 cows to determine production losses associated
with SCM. Each quarter of the study cows was examined using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and quarter milk production
was measured over a period of 8 days. Production losses were determined for different CMT scores by comparing production of
quarters with CMT score 0 to quarters with CMT scores trace, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Using data from a recently published
study, economic losses were determined for different farm sizes and production subsystems by multiplying the prevalence of
the respective CMT scores with the production losses associated with these CMT scores. Mean quarter milk production was 0.82
+ 0.40 kg per milking in the split udder trial. Milk production was reduced by 1.2%, 6.3%, and 33% in quarters with CMT scores
1+, 2+, and 3+, respectively. Using data from the published study, a quarter with SCM lost an average of 17.2% of its milk
production. Production losses associated with SCM were estimated at 5.6% for the Addis Ababa Milk Shed. Stratified losses
were highest (9.3%) in urban dairy farms (UDF) and small-scale farms (6.3%). The estimates of the financial losses ranged
from US$29.1 in dairy herds in secondary towns (DHIST) to US$66.6 in UDF. A total loss of US$38 was estimated for each cow
per lactation. Reducing mastitis in UDF (highest prevalence) to the level of DHIST (lowest prevalence) could reduce the loss
by US$35. As this does not include costs associated with treatment or culling of diseased cows, this figure probably underestimates
the possible benefits of control measures. 相似文献
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Erratum to: A cross-sectional study on bovine tuberculosis in Hawassa town and its surroundings,Southern Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Regassa Alemayehu Tassew Asmelash Amenu Kebede Megersa Bekele Abunna Fufa Mekibib Berhanu Marcotty Tanguy Ameni Gobena 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):1039-1039
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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A cross-sectional study on bovine tuberculosis in Hawassa town and its surroundings,Southern Ethiopia 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Alemayehu Regassa Asmelash Tassew Kebede Amenu Bekele Megersa Fufa Abunna Berhanu Mekibib Tanguy Macrotty Gobena Ameni 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):915-920
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hawassa town and its surroundings from October 2007 to May 2008 to estimate the prevalence
of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) based on comparative interadermal tuberculin test (CIDT) and abattoir survey. Accordingly, 39
herds comprising 413 cattle were subjected to CIDT, and the herd and individual animal prevalence were 48.7% (19/39) and 11.6%
(48/413), respectively. One of the 16 milk samples collected from tuberculin-positive cows was culture positive. The prevalence
significantly differed among the age group (P = 0.001) and management system (P = 0.001). Thus, age group over four (OR = 7.9) and animal with poor management system (OR = 4.1) had a higher odds for tuberculin
reactivity compared to those with age group under four and cattle with good management system, respectively. Of the total
1,023 cattle subjected to postmortem examination, 11 (1.1%) were found to be positive for gross tuberculous lesions. Larger
proportion (50%) of TB lesion was recorded in the respiratory pathway followed by digestive system (28.6%) and prescapular
lymph nodes (21.4%). Of 14 tissue specimens collected from the gross lesions, four (28.6%) were positive for histopathological
TB lesions. In conclusion, this study revealed the importance of BTB in the study area in particular and the region in general. 相似文献
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Megersa B Biffa D Abunna F Regassa A Godfroid J Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):651-656
The involvement of Brucella infection in causing abortion was investigated in a breeding female subpopulation of 283 cattle, 756 camels, and 757 goats.
Serum samples were serially tested using the Rose Bengal test and complement fixation test. The study showed that anti-Brucella antibodies were prevalent in 10.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.4, 14.9), 2.2% (95%CI, 1.4, 3.7), and 1.9% (95%CI, 1.1,
3.2) of cattle, camel, and goats, respectively. Abortion was more commonly reported in camels (23.4%) than cattle (13.8%)
and goats (12.4%). The results of this study suggested that Brucella infections contribute significantly to abortion in cattle (odds ratio (OR), = 4.7; 95%CI, 2.0, 10.8) and goats (OR = 6.9;
95%CI, 2.2, 21.7) but not in camels. The number of young animals produced by breeding females seems to be apparently reduced
in seropositive groups. Keeping more than two animal species at household level was found to be the risk factor for cattle
(OR = 3.1; 95%CI, 1.2, 7.9) and camel (OR = 5.3; 95%CI, 1.2–23.5) seropositivity to Brucella infection when compared to those animals from households that keep only two animal species. This may suggest a possibility
of cross species transmission of Brucella infection under such mixed herding. Wet season (OR = 4.8; 95%CI, 1.3, 18.1) was found to be associated with seropositivity
in goats, linked to a coincidence of increased deliveries in flocks with possible excretion of Brucella organisms. The study results suggest that Brucella infection is the likely cause of abortion in cattle and goats while other causes largely outweigh brucellosis as a cause
of abortion in camels in Borana, hence, contributing to reproductive loss. 相似文献
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A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2005 to April 2006 on bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at Awassa municipal abattoir with the objective of determining the prevalence of Taenia saginata cysticercosis, cyst viability, distribution and its public health implication. Questionnaire survey involving 120 respondents was also conducted on human taeniasis. A total of 400 carcasses were examined during the study period, of which 105 (26.25%) were infected with T. saginata metacestodes. From a total of 3200 samples inspected, 500 cysticerci were detected in 141 samples, of which 221 (44.2%) were alive. The anatomical distribution of cysticerci were 65 (29.2%) heart, 56 (25.3%) shoulder muscle, 59 (26.7%) masseter, 23 (10.4%) tongue, 12 (5.4%) diaphragm, three (1.4%) liver, two (0.9%) lung and one (0.5%) kidney samples. The prevalence varied significantly between local and crossbred animals (OR = 3.15, P < 0.05), but not varied between sex, age groups and origin of the animals. T. saginata taeniasis was a widespread public health problem in the town with an overall prevalence of 64.2% (77 of 120). The potential risk factors for disease contraction were raw meat consumption, religion and occupational risks. In conclusion, the study revealed high prevalence of T. saginata metacestodes throughout the edible organs together with existence of deep-rooted tradition of raw meat consumption. This may magnify the public health hazards of T. saginata in the study area. As a result, the disease deserves due attention to safeguard the public health and further promote beef industry in the country. 相似文献
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Moti Y Fikru R Van Den Abbeele J Büscher P Van den Bossche P Duchateau L Delespaux V 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,189(2-4):197-203
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Ghibe valley from August to October 2010. 411 head of cattle were sampled in eight villages for buffy coat examination (BCE) and blood spots were collected from each animal for trypanosomose diagnosis by 18S-PCR-RFLP and diminazene aceturate (DA) resistance by Ade2-PCR-RFLP. Three villages were selected in a zone where trypanosomosis control operations are currently on-going whereas the other 5 villages were located outside these control operations. Twenty-four samples (5.84%) were diagnosed positive for Trypanosoma congolense by BCE and injected in mice for further characterization. Twelve of those isolates successfully multiplied in mice and were tested by an in vivo mouse test for diminazene (DA) (10 and 20mg/kg B.W.) and isometamidium (ISM) (1mg/kg B.W.) resistance. All were shown to be resistant to both drugs at all doses. The use of the Ade2-PCR-RFLP on these isolates confirmed their DA-resistance profile. Seventy-three of the collected blood spots (17.8%) were diagnosed positive for T. congolense by 18S-PCR-RFLP of which 37 (50.7%) gave amplification products with the Ade2-PCR-RFLP. Here, 35 (94.6%) showed a resistant profile, 1 (2.7%) a sensitive profile and 1 (2.7%) a mixed profile. The data were analysed by logistic regression model and the relapsing time in mice tests was assessed using the Cox regression model. There was no significant intervention effect (P=0.83) with odds ratio equal to 1.21 when using the BCE data. 18S-PCR-RFLP test also showed no significant intervention effect (P=0.60) with odds ratio equal to 1.43. The hazard ratio of getting parasitaemic after treatment with DA at 20mg/kg B.W. compared to the control group was 0.38 which differs significantly from one (P<0.001). Relapsing time after treatment with DA 10mg/kg B.W. or ISM 1mg/kg B.W. was also significantly longer than the prepatent period of the control group. The situation of drug resistance in the Ghibe valley is further discussed. 相似文献
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Agricultural water management and poverty linkages 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Regassa E. Namara Munir A. Hanjra Helle Munk Ravnborg Barbara Van Koppen 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(4):520-527
Water is critically important to the livelihoods of more than 1 billion people living on less than $1 a day, particularly for the 850 million rural poor primarily engaged in agriculture. In many developing countries, water is a major factor constraining agricultural output, and income of the world's rural poor. Improved agricultural water management can contribute to poverty reduction through several pathways. First, access to reliable water improves production and productivity, enhances employment opportunities and stabilizes income and consumption. Secondly, it encourages the utilization of other yield-enhancing inputs and allows diversification into high-value products, enhances nonfarm outputs and employment, and fulfils multiple needs of households. Third, it may contribute either negatively or positively to nutritional status, health, societal equity and environment. The net impact of agricultural water management interventions on poverty may depend individually and/or synergistically on the working of these pathways. Improved access to water is essential, but not sufficient for sustained poverty reduction. Investments are needed in agricultural science and technology, policies and institutions, economic reform, addressing global agricultural trade inequities, etc. But how best to match the agricultural water management technologies, institutions and policies to the needs of the heterogeneous poor living in diverse agro-ecological settings remains unclear. This article provides a menu of promising pathways through which agricultural water management can contribute to sustained poverty reduction. 相似文献