Computationally Assisted Structural Elucidation of Cembranoids from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton tortuosum

A persistent study on soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum resulted in the characterization of two new cembranolides, tortuolides A and B (1 and 2), and a new related diterpene, epi-sarcophytonolide Q. Their structures were determined not only by extensive spectroscopic analysis but also by DFT calculations of ECD and NMR data, the latter of which was combined with statistical analysis methods, e.g., DP4+ and J-DP4 approaches. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities were evaluated in this study.     

Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.     

利用APF-Ⅰ型化学引诱剂监测松褐天牛种群动态的研究

本研究选择在松褐天牛疫区湖北宜昌夷陵黄花镇、鸦鹊岭镇和武汉黄陂进行,通过使用APF-Ⅰ型化学引诱剂,监测松褐天牛种群动态变化,研究海拔高度差异和诱捕量的关系,以期为防治松褐天牛提供理论依据.结果表明,在宜昌夷陵黄花镇和鸦鹊岭镇,雌虫诱捕量明显高于雄虫,而在武汉黄陂区雄虫诱捕量高于雌虫.不同海拔高度的诱捕结果显示,诱捕量随着海拔升高逐渐增多,通过线性拟合表明具有正相关性,黄花镇、鸦鹊岭镇和黄陂地区的相关方程分别为Y=30.1157+0.1055X,Y=52.5223+0.2772X和Y=17.4218+0.0406X.     

两个玉米自交系对纹枯病的抗病反应机制初探

玉米纹枯病是由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)引起的一种重要病害。具有优良性状的自交系是开展玉米抗病品种选育的重要种质资源。本试验以西南地区两个优良玉米自交系R08与18-599R为材料,采用人工接种R.solani菌丝融合群AG1-IA,对成株期玉米进行了抗性鉴定,并对病原菌诱导后苗期玉米叶片上的活性氧(ROS)、抗病相关基因(PR1、ZmDREB2A、ZmERF3和WIP1)表达及细胞坏死情况进行了动态检测。结果显示,R08对纹枯病表现为中抗,而18-599R为高感材料;受R.solani侵染后,玉米叶片ROS的积累在R08中较18-599R多;两个自交系中基因表达量及表达时间存在显著差异;R08叶片出现显著的细胞坏死反应,而18-599R相对较轻。本研究表明两个自交系对R.solani的抗性差异主要体现在相关抗病反应的时间和强度上,这为进一步研究玉米纹枯病抗病机理提供了依据。     

芦荟保健品研制与妙用

对芦荟的神奇保健功效进行了阐析，研制了几种芦荟保健品的简易制作方法，对芦荟的应用开发和科学利用给予了启示性的引导。     

甘薯根腐病抗性在不同环境条件下的表现及遗传趋势

结果表明,甘薯根腐病发病轻重与环境条件有很大关系,表现为干旱少雨的年份发病较重,降雨量较多的年份发病较轻;土壤瘠薄的发病较重,肥力条件较好的则发病较轻;通常情况下,年份间品种的抗性表现较为一致,但遇特殊气候则年份间品种的抗性有一定的差异。对1150份甘薯品种资源及育种材料的根腐病抗性鉴定结果表明,高抗型材料占14.6％,抗病型占15.7％,感病型占26.0％,高感型占43.7％。对754份材料及亲本的抗性分析表明,不同的抗性组合后代中均可分离出高抗至高感类型的材料,杂交后代的抗性强弱随双亲抗性水平的提高而提高。中国自1970年以来采用品种间杂交和种间杂交育种技术,先后育成了一批高产、优质的高抗型优良品种。     

不同突扩比下空间淹没水跃的水力计算

突扩能够使局部范围内水流紊动剧烈,可以作为水利工程中消能工的一种重要方式．为了探讨突扩比对下游流体水力特性的影响规律,基于RNG k-ε紊流模型和PISO压力-速度耦合算法,采用非均匀结构网格技术,建立了三维紊流数学模型,对突扩比分别为1000,0833,0.667,0500,0333等5种空间水跃进行了多工况数值模拟,结合试验数据,计算结果量纲一化,讨论了不同突扩比大小对下游水力性能的影响,并分析了下游流速、紊动能及消能率等随突扩比的变化规律．数值计算结果表明:突扩比对下游流速、紊动能及消能率影响显著,突扩比越小,下游流速变化越显著,主流在空间内扩散愈迅速,流态转变越明显;随着突扩比的减小,紊动应力愈小,紊动能量愈小,而消能率越大;突扩水跃较典型水跃消能效果明显增强,当突扩比小于0500时,消能率增大不再显著．     

Technical efficiency of different farm sizes for tilapia farming in China

China is the world's largest tilapia producer. This study uses the stochastic frontier function in the Cobb–Douglas model to evaluate a production frontier for tilapia aquaculture and analyses the relationship between farm size and production efficiency in China. A random sample of 300 tilapia farmers was surveyed in the main tilapia‐producing areas to study their economic efficiencies. The percentage distribution of tilapia farm technical efficiency was determined, with an average efficiency of 79%, which showed that the sample tilapia farmers operate at 21% below the production frontier and hence that they still have a chance to achieve targeted yields. The technical efficiencies of two categories (≤1 ha and >1 ha) were 78.82% and 79.27% respectively. A second‐stage analysis investigated the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency and showed a positive relationship between farm size and production efficiency based on the ordinary least‐squares model. The optimal farm size was found to be 7.50 ha. This study proposes strategies such as enlarging the farming scale moderately, thereby achieving the advantage of economies of scale, and enhancing the competitiveness of the tilapia industry in China.