新疆棉铃虫种群对三种化学药剂的抗性

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera是经济作物和粮食作物主要害虫之一。为有效防治棉铃虫,新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)大面积种植Bt棉,同时采用化学药剂进行防治,但是化学药剂的大量长期使用势必使棉铃虫产生抗性。武万峰等(2010)研究结果显示新疆棉铃虫种群已对三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐表现低水平抗性。为全面掌握新疆棉铃虫种群对这2种药剂及对氯虫苯甲酰胺新型化学药剂的抗性水平,本研究于2015-2018年自新疆阿克苏、博乐和哈密市等5个市采集棉铃虫,监测该害虫对这3种化学药剂的抗性,以期为Bt棉有效利用和化学药剂的合理施用提供理论基础。     

Fecundity changes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) during egg incubation

Abstract. For a study of the fecundity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii , a total of 117 berried females were sampled from ponds. Fecundity was found to vary from 1216 to 89747 eggs for prawns measuring 9.0cm to 15.8cm total length and weighing 6.22 to 45.80g. The relationship between fecundity (EN) and total length (TL) was found to be EN = 0.001876 TL^6.3617.
The average egg number/g total body weight for prawns having orange, yellow and grey eggs was 1132.7 ± 484.1,766.4 ± 524.3 and 745.5 ± 487.2, respectively, a decrease of 32.3% when orange eggs became yellow and 34.3% when they turned grey. This decrease was probably due to unfertilized eggs dropping off and some eggs being eaten by the brooders during the incubation period.
Egg numbers/g egg weight were found to be 11360.1 ± 1642.1,10715.7 ± 2725.3 and 8634.0 ± 1892.3 for orange, yellow and grey eggs, respectively. When compared to orange eggs, yellow eggs were slightly heavier (6%), but grey eggs were significantly heavier by 31.6%. The increase in the weight of the grey eggs can be explained by the elongation of fully formed organs and appendages by about 17 days post fertilization.     

甘薯叶光合特性与块根主要性状对氮素供应形态的响应

为探明甘薯叶光合特性与块根主要性状对不同氮素形态供应的响应特点,以徐薯18为研究对象,在盆栽条件下,设置铵态氮、 硝态氮和酰胺态氮3种氮素处理,研究不同形态氮素供应对甘薯叶光合特性、 块根产量与品质性状影响的差异。结果表明,在移栽后30 d 和50 d 时,酰胺态氮处理叶片叶绿素含量(CCI)为最高,70 d时,铵态氮处理的CCI最高;铵态氮处理显著提高叶片的光合速率与有效辐射(PAR);氮素处理明显提高甘薯块根产量,其中,铵态氮处理较硝态氮和酰胺态氮处理块根产量分别增加10.6%与17.2%,增产显著(P0.05);铵态氮处理提高甘薯块根的淀粉率和蛋白质含量,而酰胺态氮处理增加可溶性糖和还原糖含量;铵态氮处理有利于增加甘薯淀粉最高粘度值（PKV）、 崩解值（BDV）和回复值（CSV）,而硝态氮处理促进最低粘度值（HPV）和最终粘度值（CPV）的上升。     

山东地区樱桃褐斑病病原鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析

为明确引起樱桃褐斑病的病原菌种类,采集泰安、潍坊、烟台3个地区典型发病叶片,用单孢分离法分离、纯化,共获得16个菌株,采用病原菌形态学与分子生物学相结合的方法,鉴定樱桃褐斑病的病原菌。对该病原菌的ITS序列分析显示,其与Gen Bank中登录的Passalora sp.属的Passalora arctostaphyli相似性达97%;与另一种在甜樱桃叶片中分离的病原菌Pseudocercospora pruni-persicicola相似度仅为85.6%,证明两者并非为同一属真菌。构建系统进化树表明,樱桃褐斑病病原与Passalora sp.属真菌处在同一分支,而与其它Prunus sp.属分离的病原菌处在两个分支,进而通过形态学鉴定和ITS序列分析认为,病原菌为Passalora circumscissa,并将其ITS基因序列提交至Gen Bank数据库(基因登陆号:KT428056)。     

犬造血干细胞移植的作用机制及应用研究进展

造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell, HSC)位于造血系统的顶端, 是造血系统中唯一具有多能性和自我更新能力的细胞, 可以分化为各种功能的血细胞, 维持血液系统的建立和动态平衡, 是目前研究最为透彻、临床应用最为成熟的成体干细胞。造血干细胞的这些重要特性, 使得基于造血干细胞在治病机制研究和临床应用中的研究取得了很大进展。以造血干细胞为基础的再生医学治疗是目前治疗恶性血液病和遗传病的首选方法, 如造血干细胞治疗犬白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、犬遗传性贫血、犬淋巴瘤、犬白细胞减少症、犬X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病等, 但由于白细胞抗原匹配的供体稀缺、可获得的造血干细胞数量有限等原因, 无法满足临床需求, 因此, 如何通过体外培养获得满足临床需要的造血干细胞成为近年来学者们研究的热点问题。作者参照现有研究成果对造血干细胞的来源和体外分离培养、治病机制进行系统的描述, 并对造血干细胞移植治疗遗传性溶血性贫血、白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、淋巴瘤、白细胞减少症、X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病的临床研究进行综述, 以期为今后将造血干细胞广泛应用于临床治疗提供参考依据。     

基于SCS-CN和GIS的潜在集雨工程位置确定

合理开发利用雨水资源,是缓解水资源紧张状况的有效途径之一。该文采用SCS-CN水文模型计算流域地表径流量;应用RS技术获取土地利用现状数据,在GIS软件平台下对研究区土地利用现状、土壤类型、地表径流量及数字高程等空间信息数据进行处理分析;根据雨水集蓄利用工程技术规范和坡面集水蓄水工程建设一般的选址要求,构建集雨工程位置选择的约束集;结合空间信息和属性数据及约束集,在GIS软件平台下确定潜在的集雨工程的位置。得出结论:适宜修建蓄水池的位置128处、适宜修建拦水坝的位置47处、适宜修建大口井的位置65处。结果可用于指导当地地表径流资源的科学利用,为山区流域综合治理和集雨工程的规划与设计提供科学依据。     

新疆石河子地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析简

本试验旨在调查新疆石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌的某些生物学特性及其耐药状况,以提高药物疗效,减少牛奶中药物的残留。试验从新疆石河子地区患乳房炎奶牛的乳样中分离纯化并鉴定出21株大肠杆菌,并对大肠杆菌分离株进行抗菌药物敏感性分析。结果表明,21株大肠杆菌对21种抗菌药物中的6种药物耐药率超过50%,其中最多的耐药15种,最少的耐药5种,耐药6及6种以上的菌株共占到76.19%。提示,该地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌对多种药物已产生了不同程度的耐药性,且存在严重的多重耐药情况。     

The effect of organic fertilizer and formulated feed in pond culture of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man): prawn production

Abstract. The potential of organic fertilizer as a partial replacement for formulated feeds in pond culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) was assessed. Stocking densities reflected commercial semi-intensive levels and the duration of the trial approached a complete grow-out cycle. Mean weight and growth rate were examined in four treatments receiving varying levels of feed and manure. Heaviest prawns and fastest growth were evident in the treatment with decreased-feed-increased-manure. Production assessed as marketable percentages (74.56, 52.21, 13.28 and 11.12) resulted in significantly different marketable yields of 2029, 1284, 336 and 103 kg/ha/year for decreased-feed-increased-manure, feed-plus-manure, feed-only, and manure-only respectively assuming 2-6 batch cycles per year under prevailing conditions. Total survival was significantly highest in feed-only (72.80%), intermediate in feed-plus-manure (40.59%) and decreased-feed-increased-manure (36.32%), and lowest in manure-only (26.77%) treatments. Prawns were separated at harvest into four morphotypes as berried females, females without eggs, immature males and adult males. Average individual weight and group bicmass were determined for each morphotype.
Only prawn production data are presented here. Analyses of water, soil and benthic fauna will be presented in future publications.     

石榴分子标记的研究进展

分子标记技术对石榴遗传多样性研究以及石榴的育种具有重要意义。现通过综述国内外石榴分子标记的研究进展,并综合目前石榴研究中常见的4种分子标记技术,研究各地区石榴种质资源遗传多样差异,以期为今后开展石榴分子标记研究提供参考和对照,也为石榴种植资源的引进与开发提供依据。     

大学图书馆网站与校园信息文化建设

本文从大学校园信息文化的意义和内容(物质文化、精神观念、行为方式和制度规范四个层面)出发，论述了图书馆网站在建设校园信息文化中发挥作用应从四个方面着手：加强网站信息基础设施建设；加强特色信息资源建设；充分开展信息素质教育；重视高素质信息化人才培养。