反刍兽异嗜癖与瘤胃内环境的关系

反刍兽异嗜癖 ,是牛、羊、鹿等动物常发的一种现象 ,一般人们不认为是一种独立的疾病 ,但这种现象在牛、鹿发生非常普遍 ,尤其在豫西丘陵山区 ,牛的发生率可达 30 %以上 ,局部地区可达 80 %。鹿的异嗜发生率可达 90 %以上 ,有些鹿场可达 1 0 0 % ,严重影响着草食动物的发展。但     

中草药添加剂取代抗生素任重道远

世界范围内，随着公众和政府对抗生素残留和抗药性问题的日益关注，迫使生产者不得不减少对抗生素和化学药品的依赖。从相继开发出的“抗生素替代品”(酶制剂、益生素、寡聚糖、酸化剂、活性肽等)来看，似乎并不能完全填补无抗生素留下的缺陷。为此研究者们又将目光转向被寄予厚望的中草药添加剂上。     

锌对鸡的毒性及其对鸡体内金属硫蛋白的影响

选用蛋鸡 40只 ,随机分为 4组 ,基础日粮相同。Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ组日粮中分别添加锌 1 ,2 ,4g/kg ,Ⅳ组补锌 4g/kg 1 4d后 ,改喂基础日粮。试验期为 2 1d。结果表明 ,4g/kg锌可对蛋鸡产生毒性作用 ,组织中锌含量与日粮锌浓度和补锌时间有关 ,肝脏金属硫蛋白 (MT)的含量和肝锌含量变化一致 ,均能反应体内锌状态 ,肝Zn MT在 2 56nm波长条件下 ,有最大吸光度     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

钼和铜对雏鸡肾脏抗氧化能力的影响

为研究饲料中不同剂量钼和铜对雏鸡肾的影响,试验用2日龄海兰褐壳蛋公雏鸡80只,随机平均分为Ⅰ空白对照组、Ⅱ(Cu 800 mg/kg,Mo 400 mg/kg)、Ⅲ(Cu 800 mg/kg,200 mg/kg)、Ⅳ(Cu 800mg/kg,100mg/kg)组。试验60d,每15d每组随机处死5只测定肾脏总超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量。结果表明,试验组T-SOD第15天最高,随后呈下降趋势(P0.05);POD、GSH-Px和XOD随时间延长呈上升趋势(P0.05),Ⅲ组GSHPx第30天时最高,最后回归正常,Ⅱ组XOD第30天最高,Ⅲ组POD随时间延长先下降后上升(P0.05),第45天时最高,Ⅳ组POD随时间延长先下降后上升再下降(P0.05)。说明日粮中以2∶1的比例关系添加Cu 800mg/kg、Mo 400mg/kg,随时间的延长可提高肾脏抗氧化能力。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

钼的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的作用

分别从营养学和中毒学角度论述了钼在饲料及动物机体内的分布、吸收、代谢规律，从酶学的观点阐述了钼在动物体内的生物学作用及钼的营养与中毒的机制；钼除与酶有关外，与日粮中的铜、硫、钨等元素关系密切；动物钼缺乏或过量，与人和动物的多种疾病有关。     

钼对小鼠后代醛氧化酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶转录水平的影响

试验选用60只二月龄的清洁级ICR小鼠,随机分成4组,每组10只雌性和5只雄性小白鼠,雌雄分开饲养,饮水中加入不同剂量的钼,分别是空白对照组、低钼组(100 mg.L-1)、中钼组(200 mg.L-1)、高钼组(400mg.L-1),4周后雌雄合笼饲养。产仔后从每组仔鼠中随机雌性小白鼠30只和15只雄性小白鼠按原分组给予不同剂量的钼,8周后,再从每组中随机选取雌性小白鼠10只和5只雄性小白鼠合笼饲养,待其产仔。如此往复,使小鼠繁殖四代。以第三代(F2代)作为研究对象,应用实时荧光定量PCR的方法测定肝脏AOX和XO的转录水平。结果表明,与对照组相比F2代小鼠AOX和XO的转录水平随钼添加剂量的增加呈递增趋势,实验组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。可见长期钼暴露可提高小鼠后代AOX和XO的转录水平。     

提高动物医学专业本科毕业论文质量的对策

笔者在<动物医学专业本科毕业论文存在问题探析>一文中,全面探讨并分析了当前动物医学专业本科毕业论文的现状和存在问题,认为要保障或提高本科毕业论文的质量,应从以下儿方面引起重视.     

PBL教学法在畜禽呼吸系统检查实验教学中的应用

选择124名动物医学专业学生,按班级分为4组,每组31人。两组采用传统的以讲授、示教为主的实验教学法,另两组采用Problem based learning(PBL)实验教学法,开展畜禽呼吸系统检查实验。通过对比两种教学方法在畜禽呼吸系统检查实验课教学中的效果,结果发现,相对于传统实验课教学模式,PBL教学法受到绝大多数学生的欢迎和响应,取得了较好的教学效果。