复方中草药对肉鸡生长性能及天然免疫相关基因mRNA表达的影响

[目的]为探讨复方中草药对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及天然免疫相关基因mRNA表达的影响.[方法]504只科宝肉鸡随机分为7组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组,A组)、基础饲粮+抗生素(B组,0.48 g/kg氟苯尼考,1～42 d)、基础饲粮+100 mL/kg复方中药制剂提取物(C组,14～42 d)、基础饲粮+100 ...     

不同淀粉源饲粮对肉仔鸡小肠消化酶活性、盲肠挥发性脂肪酸含量和微生物菌群的影响

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different starch source diets on small intestinal digestive enzyme activities, caecum volatile fatty acid contents and microbial community of broilers. A total of 480 one⁃day⁃old healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 12 broilers in each replicate. Broilers in 5 groups were fed semi homozygous equal nitrogen and equal energy diets prepared with corn starch, pea starch, tapioca starch, sorghum starch and wheat starch, re⁃ spectively. The total starch level of 5 groups was the same. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with corn starch group, tapioca starch group and wheat starch group, the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid in caecum chyme of broilers of pea starch group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of total volatile fatty acid in caecum chyme of broilers of sorghum starch group was significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) The activity of amylase in jejunum chyme of broilers of sorghum starch group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the activity of lipase in jejunum and ileum chyme and activities of amylase and lipase in jejunum mucosa of broilers of tapioca starch group were significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.05). 3) The Bacte⁃ roidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes were the dominant phyla in cecum of broilers. Compared with wheat starch group, pea starch group and sorghum starch group, the Firmicutes relative abundance of tapi⁃ oca starch group and corn starch group was significantly increased (P < 0. 05). Compared with corn starch group, sorghum starch group and wheat starch group, the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Bacteroides and Odoribacter of pea starch group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the relative abun⁃ dances of Proteobacteria, Melainabacteria unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and Parabacteroides were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the source of starch can affect the activity of digestive enzymes in small intestine, alter the cecum fermentation patterns and microbial composition of broilers, the di⁃ ets of pea starch, tapioca starch and corn starch can increase the acidogenic microbes in cecum of broilers, pro⁃ mote microbial fermentation, change the structure of intestinal flora, and promote the growth of beneficial bac⁃ teria.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(1):285⁃296] © 2023 Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae. All rights reserved.     

有机硒和枣粉对肉仔鸡生长性能及养分利用的影响

为探究有机硒和枣粉对肉仔鸡生长性能及养分利用的影响,试验采用2×5两因子（A、B）随机试验设计,A因子为枣粉添加水平,分别为0、8%,B因子为硒添加水平,分别为 0、0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2 mg/kg。选择体重接近、健康的1日龄科宝505白羽肉仔鸡720只,随机分为 10组,每组 6 个重复,每个重复 12 只鸡（公母各半）。试验期为 42 d,分前期（0 ～ 21 d）和后期（22 ～ 42 d）两个饲养阶段。结果表明：有机硒和枣粉两因子间对肉仔鸡生长性能和养分利用均无显著的交互作用（P > 0.05）。试验前期,A2组平均日增重显著高于A1组（P < 0.05）,且A2组料重比显著低于其他各组（P < 0.05）|添加枣粉可显著提高肉仔鸡平均日采食量和料重比（P < 0.05）。试验后期,A5组平均日增重显著高于除A1组外的其他各组（P < 0.05）,而料重比显著低于除A3组外的其他各组（P < 0.05）,A4组平均日采食量显著高于A1、A2和A3组（P < 0.05）。A5组总能和总磷利用率均有下降的趋势（P =0.090|P =0.078）。添加枣粉后,肉仔鸡对氮和钙的利用率均有改善（P < 0.05）,但总能的利用率显著下降（P < 0.05）。综上,饲粮添加0.3 mg/kg硒可以提高肉仔鸡前期平均日增重,添加枣粉可改善肉仔鸡前期采食量,并提高氮和钙的利用率。 [关键词] 肉鸡|枣粉|有机硒|生长性能|养分利用     

饲粮添加新产玉米对肉仔鸡生长性能及肠道微生物区系的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮添加新产玉米对肉仔鸡生长性能及肠道微生物区系的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选取288只1日龄健康科宝肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为4组,每个处理组设6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,分别饲喂占饲粮总比例60%旧玉米(对照组)、占饲粮总比例40%旧玉米+占饲粮总比例20%新产玉米(处理Ⅰ组)、占饲粮总比例20%旧玉米+占饲粮总比例40%新产玉米(处理Ⅱ组)、占饲粮总比例60%新产玉米(处理Ⅲ组)4种饲粮。试验期为42 d,分前期(0～21 d)和后期(22～42 d)两个阶段进行。21、42日龄末测定各试验组试鸡生长性能,42日龄末采集对照组和处理Ⅲ组肉仔鸡回肠、盲肠食糜测定肠道微生物丰度。试验结果显示:(1)处理Ⅲ组显著降低了前期和后期肉仔鸡平均日增重(P<0.05),增加了前期和后期肉仔鸡料重比(P<0.05)。(2)对照组和处理Ⅲ组样本中盲肠和回肠相对丰度较高的菌门为Firmicutes和Proteobacteria;回肠相对丰度较高优势菌属为Lactobacillus、Romboutsia和Candidatus_Arthromitus;盲肠相...