Identification of a Long Rice Spikelet Mutant

A spontaneously occurring rice (Oryza sativa L. ) mutant, characterized by homeotic conversion in glumes and stamens, was found in the progeny of a cross. The mutant showed long glumes and glumaceous lodicules and morphological transformation of stamens into pistils. Mutant florets consisted of 1 to 3 completely developed pistils, some pistilloid stamens with filaments, but tipped by bulged tissue and 0 to 3 stigmas. It seens that the mutant phenotype of the homeotic conversions in glumes and stamens is similar to that of the B loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. The mutant is controlled by a single recessive gene as a segregation ratio of 3:1 (wild type to mutant plants) was observed in the F2 generation.     

鸡传染性喉气管炎油乳剂灭活疫苗的研究

分别将3株鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(标准强毒株J株、山东分离株N株和L株)经甲醛灭活后制成油乳剂灭活疫苗。免疫效力试验结果表明，以N株鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒制备的油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫效果较其它几种疫苗好，免疫鸡AGP抗体阳性率高达83％，免疫保护率高达100％。     

我国农机标准化建设发展探析

为促进我国农机事业快速、健康发展，论述全面推进农机标准化建设的背景及条件，探讨加快农机标准化建设对我国农业发展的重要现实意义，总结我国农机标准化建设中存在的主要问题，并提出切实可行的发展措施。     

土地规模化经营对农业生态效率影响及城乡市场分割调节作用探析

土地规模化经营是农业生态效率改善的重要动力,但土地规模化经营作用农业生态效率受到城乡市场分割的门槛调节。该研究借助2001—2017年全国30个地区(因数据缺失,西藏及港澳台地区未涵盖,下同)面板数据,运用面板门槛模型,就城乡市场分割调节土地规模化经营作用农业生态效率过程展开研究。结果表明:(1)我国农业生态效率总体向好,但地区间差异悬殊;(2)土地规模化经营驱动农业生态效率改善,但存在城乡市场分割门槛调节,弱市场分割地区土地规模化经营促进农业生态效率,强市场分割地区作用相反;(3)城乡市场分割调节土地规模化经营作用农业生态效率主要通过限制农产品、劳动力、资本城乡合理流动,削弱农业新型经营主体绿色农业发展意愿和能力途径展开;(4)我国多数地区城乡市场分割水平偏高,区域发展中城市资源偏向和工业优先发展突出,需进行及时改革。该研究可为政府制定绿色农业发展策略提供参考依据。     

魔芋粉中水分的红外干燥法快速测定

水分是魔芋精粉交易、储藏中监测的重要质量指标,常规干燥法耗时较长。建立了红外快速测定方法,并与国标GB/T 5009.3-2010法测定结果进行了比较。结果表明,红外干燥法测定的最佳程序为温度140℃,快速干燥方式,分析精度0.1 mg,自动终止加热。在该条件下,样品质量1.000 g,用时约11 min,测定的水分含量与国标法差异不显著。由此可见,红外测定法具有快速、准确、稳定的特点。     

苹果树施用沼肥试验

在苹果园施用沼肥,能有效提高土壤有机质和氮、磷、钾含量,使苹果树提前开花2~4天,明显促进树体营养生长,增加单果重,改善果实品质,减轻病虫危害,提高优质果率。     

A pioneering survey of deep-diving and off-shore cetaceans in the northern South China Sea

A pioneering boat-based survey was conducted in 2019, to gather baseline information regarding the presence, composition, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of deep-diving and off-shore cetaceans in the northern South China Sea (SCS). A total of 27 sightings comprising at least 8 cetacean species were recorded during the 13-day survey, including 5 deep-diving species (i.e. Risso's dolphin [Grampus griseus], short-finned pilot whale [Globicephala macrorhynchus], sperm whale [Physeter macrocephalus], Cuvier's beaked whale [Ziphius cavirostris], and an unidentified beaked whale [either the ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens, or Deraniyagala's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hotaula]), as well as 3 off-shore dolphins (i.e. pantropical spotted dolphin [Stenella attenuate], striped dolphin [Stenella coeruleoalba], and Fraser's dolphin [Lagenodelphis hosei]). With the exception of pantropical spotted dolphins, all other species were sighted and recorded at sea in the northern SCS for the first time. The pantropical spotted dolphin was the most frequently sighted species, comprising 30% of the total sightings. Deep-diving cetaceans were mainly sighted in the northern Xisha Archipelago, whereas off-shore dolphins were distributed across the survey area. The pantropical spotted dolphin was observed in aggregations of more than 100 individuals and nearly all encountered species included calves; these findings suggested that the survey area functions as an important feeding and calving ground for various cetacean species. This pioneering survey provides fundamental information regarding cetacean fauna in the northern SCS and highlights the need to strengthen research and conservation efforts concerning these species.     

头骨形态指标鉴别水貂来源有效性的评估

人工驯养野生动物是获取野生动物产品的重要手段,但是非法盗猎的野生动物产品以人工饲养的名义进入市场,就会对野生动物的保护形成挑战。因此,准确鉴别市场上的动物产品是来自养殖场还是野外,是保护野外种群,维持养殖业正常秩序的关键。本研究以北美水貂(Neovison vison)为例,基于颧骨内侧空间(ZAS)、颧宽(ZAA和ZBA)、颅基长(BSL)、下颌长(MDL)、眶后收缩(POC)和最大面部宽度(GFB)等量度,建立了9个头骨形态计量学指标:POC/GFB、POC/BSL、POC/MDL、ZAS SQRT/BSL、ZA SSQRT/MDL、ZBA×BSL/2ZAS、ZBA×MDL/2ZAS、ZBB×BSL/2ZAS和ZBB×MDL/2ZAS。野生组(n=32,9雄23雌)和饲养组(n=45,35雄10雌)的比较表明,除POC/GFB外,所有指标对于在两组样品之间均有显著差异,整体判别正确率为73.2%—85.5%。在性别已知的情况下,雄性的整体正确率为82.4%—93.8%,雌性为41.7%—85.7%。为此,应针对不同性别、不同来源的动物建立相应的参考数据,利用似然比进行鉴别。本研究的结果不仅可用于北美水貂的鉴别,也为其他小型食肉动物的鉴别提供经验。     

基于AHP法的4U-1400马铃薯收获机机械结构的设计

通过对机械设计方法学知识的理解与运用,给出了4U-1400马铃薯联合收获机的黑箱模型和形态学矩阵及功能原理的设计方法,提出其潜在可能的设计方案;利用层次分析法(AHP法),建立了马铃薯收获机的评价指标体系,对不同方案进行定性和定量的综合性评价和优劣排序;最后得出4U-1400马铃薯收获机机械结构的最优设计方案。     

Penetration behavior of bath induced by top-blown gas jets for steelmaking converter

The cavity induced by top-blow gas jets impinging on the bath surface is one of most important parameters, which has overwhelming influence on the rate of slag formation and metallurgical performance. Water model experiments are conducted through a 1/10 scaled-down top-blown convertor. Effects of lance height and gas flow rate on penetration behavior are studied, and also the influence mechanism of liquid surface tension on penetration depth is addressed based on the experiments and theory analysis. An energy utilization index (EUI) is defined to reflect how much the impinging kinetic energy of gas jets are transferred into bath for formation of cavity, and an improved model is proposed to predict penetration depth of jets. The results show that penetration depth increases with lowering lance height and increasing gas flow rate, and impact diameter increases with increasing lance height, but is little affected by gas flow rate. Influence of liquid surface tension on penetration depth is enhanced with increasing surface tension and penetration depth. The EUI increases with increasing lance height, and a function relationship of it with lance height is obtained based on the experiments.