不同条件下蒙古冰草种子产量及产量构成因子的分析

在西苏旗对蒙古冰草的种子产量及产量构成因子进行了分析得出结果为冰草的实际种子产量与潜在种子产量差别很大，蒙古冰草种子产量的主要限制因子为抽穗率和结实率。     

体外产气法评定反刍家畜饲草料营养价值的研究前景

阐述了体外产气法的原理、影响体外产气量的因素及其研究前景。     

饲用微生物的高密度培养

高密度培养(HCDC,highcelldensityculture)以其优越性在发酵生产上得到了广泛的应用。它能获得高的产率,降低生产成本,从而提高产品在市场上的竞争力。将高密度培养技术用于直接饲用微生物(DFM)的生产中,对于提高发酵水平,更好地满足市场需求,具有重要的意义。     

The effects of agricultural fields and human settlements on the use of rivers by wildlife in the mid-Zambezi valley,Zimbabwe

After the eradication of the Tse-Tse fly in the Mid-Zambezi valley, human settlements and fields extended mainly along the main rivers. In order to investigate the consequences of this human development on wildlife diversity we monitored three rivers of the Mid-Zambezi valley in Zimbabwe: Angwa, Manyame and Kadzi. The rivers were divided in segments of 200 m which were checked for spoors in order to assess the number of species and the number of individuals that used the segments. Human settlements were also recorded. We used a GIS to define the spatial characteristics of the fields present along the rivers, and related them to the distribution and abundance of wild species spoors in the river beds and banks. Our results show that the number of species in one segment of the river decreased with the increasing size of the field area bordering the segment. For all the major ungulate species, the numbers of individuals recorded per segment decreased with increasing field area. A similar trend was observed for small and medium-sized carnivores, though they were in lower numbers when present. Our analyses thus confirm that the extension of human agriculture in wildlife areas has an impact on most wild species, but we also define some threshold value of field size above which there seem to be an acceleration of the decrease in wildlife density and diversity: 3.2 ha for medium and small herbivores and carnivores; only the elephant seem to tolerate larger field area with a threshold value of 32 ha.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Composition and fatty acid profile of milk from cows supplemented with pressed oilseed cake

This study compared the productive and nutritional parameters of milk from crossbred lactating cows managed on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania and with a diet supplemented with different pressed oilseed cakes. The supplements used were as follows: peanut cake, sunflower cake and palm kernel cake for replacement of soybean meal. Sixteen cows with an average weight of 544 ± 57 kg and producing 8 ± 1.4 L of milk per day were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned to the treatments according to a Latin square design repeated over time, with four treatments, 16 animals and four experimental periods. Supplementation of the diet with peanut cake, sunflower cake and palm kernel cake compared with soybean meal in the diet of cows did not affect the average daily production or composition of the milk. The palm kernel cake promoted an increase in lauric fatty acids (C_12:0) and palmitoleic acids (C_16:1) (5.02 and 1.65%, respectively) compared with peanut cake and sunflower cake (4.13 and 4.01%, respectively). The levels of oleic fatty acids (C_18:1) were higher for the sunflower cake and palm kernel cake supplements (26.01 and 25.01%, respectively) compared with peanut cake (23.11%). The replacement of soybean meal with sunflower cake and palm kernel cake improved the nutritional quality of the milk, with lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, without compromising the production or nutritional composition of the milk. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

Skull size and shape variation in Psammomys spp. (Rodentia,Gerbillinae) from Tunisia,with emphasis on the impact of allometric variation on species recognition

In Tunisia both Psammomys obesus and P. vexillaris are found. These taxa have been the subject of taxonomic controversy for some time, due to variability in the classical morphological characters used for taxonomic recognition. In this study we investigated skull size and shape variation in the genus Psammomys by using geometric morphometrics to evaluate the extent of intra- and interspecific shape variation and explicitly tested for the impact of allometric shape variation on species discrimination. Eleven populations of the two species from 10 localities in Tunisia were studied. Statistical analyses of size and shape showed large size variation within P. obesus, but no shape differences were revealed among populations of this species. Interspecific analysis revealed that P. vexillaris had the smallest skull. Principal component analysis and Procrustes distances showed good discrimination between the two species after removal of the allometric component of shape variation. The results obtained show that allometric-related shape variation could mask discrimination between the two Psammomys species. This finding might explain the uncertainty in classification of these species in the past. The interspecific allometric-free phenotypic differences observed may be associated with adaptive processes linked to the different environmental and trophic preferences of the two species.     

有机物料对灌漠土结合态腐殖质及其组分的影响

为查明不同有机物料的土壤培肥效果,通过持续7a的定位试验,研究了长期不施肥(CK)、仅施化肥氮磷(NP)、70%NP+牛粪(NF)、70%NP+猪粪(ZF)、70%NP+鸡粪(JF)、70%NP+沼渣(ZZ)、70%NP+菌渣(JZ)和70%NP+污泥(WN)对灌漠土结合态腐殖质及其组分的影响。结果表明,施有机物料处理土壤有机碳含量和储量较对照(CK)和常规施肥(NP)均显著(P0.05)增加,但增幅有差异,鸡粪和污泥处理增幅最高,其次为猪粪。牛粪、猪粪和污泥处理游离态有机碳含量显著高于对照和常规施肥,而猪粪、鸡粪、菌渣、沼渣和污泥处理结合态腐殖质含量较对照和常规施肥显著(P0.05)增加。6种有机物料处理土壤结合态腐殖质的胡敏酸(HA)含量较对照和常规施肥均显著(P0.05)增加,而仅有菌渣对土壤松结态腐殖质影响不显著,但施菌渣和沼渣土壤稳结态腐殖质含量较对照和常规施肥显著增加(P0.05)。施鸡粪、沼渣和污泥土壤紧结合态腐殖质和富里酸含量较对照和常规施肥显著增加(P0.05),而胡敏素含量仅有牛粪和鸡粪处理较对照处理显著增加(P0.05)。综上,有机物料种类显著影响土壤游离态有机碳、结合态有机碳含量、腐殖质结合形态及其组分,进而影响土壤有机碳含量。猪粪、鸡粪和污泥的土壤培肥效果较好,而牛粪、菌渣和沼渣的效果略差。     

《种子法规与管理》课程教学改革初探

种子产业的发展,要求种子专业人才要具备综合知识结构,要掌握种子科学技术和理论的专业知识.《种子法规与管理》是种子科学与工程专业培养计划中的主观专业课程.本文本着培养学生熟悉掌握种子法规及行政管理相关知识,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养思考问题解决问题的能力,从培养高级应用型人才角度对本课程的教学方法进行了一系列的改革.     

不同品种紫花苜蓿中总皂苷含量的比较研究

采用比色法测定了北京地区栽培不同年限的45个紫花苜蓿品种茎、叶中总皂苷的含量。结果表明，各品种苜蓿叶片中的皂苷含量均高于茎，在不同品种之间存在明显差异。4年生植株中皂苷含量最高的品种“Vernal”为1.174%，最低的品种“Empress”为0.606%；3年生植株中最高的品种“WL442”为1.141%，最低的品种“农保”为0.788%；2年生植株中最高的品种“胜利者”为1.293%，最低的品种“全能”为0.722%。综合比较，含量最低品种与最高的品种相差2.13倍。栽培年限对紫花苜蓿皂苷含量具有一定影响。     

不同种植方式对冬小麦花后干物质积累与分配特征及产量的影响

为探索不同种植方式对冬小麦干物质积累、转运与分配特征及产量的影响,选用大穗型小麦品种农大1108为试验材料,研究在大田生产中主要的4种种植方式(穴播、撒播、窄幅条播和宽幅条播)对冬小麦花后各器官干物质积累、分配及产量的影响。结果表明,4种种植方式下花后各器官的干物质积累量变化趋势基本一致,且均表现为窄幅条播显著高于其他3组处理;窄幅条播主要通过提高花后干物质同化量及其对籽粒的贡献率而获得高产;与宽幅条播相比,窄幅条播花后营养器官干物质积累量及干物质在籽粒中的积累量分别增加45.59%和19.44%;与穴播和撒播相比,窄幅条播产量分别提高17.25%和11.39%;花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率表现为穴播最高,达到80.26%。不同种植方式对冬小麦籽粒的灌浆速率影响不大,表现为各处理间千粒重差异不显著。